Rousseau s The Social Contract - 1588 Words

The following texts, Rousseau s The Social Contract, Marx’s Private Property and Communism, Estranged Labor and Money, all differentiate between a general will, and a more personal, individual will. However, Rousseau’s and Marx’s theories of a general will, or collective being have discrepancies in both the origin and implications of general will and individual will. Rousseau defines general will as a collective desire to advance society towards a common goal. However, Rousseau warns that ignoring the general will and pursuing one’s own selfish personal will is dangerous not only for an individual, but can also ultimately lead to the destruction of the body politic. Marx also discusses a concept similar to Rousseau’s general will, however†¦show more content†¦Additionally, Rousseau believes that self-interests are often detrimental to the common good, stating that â€Å"each individual, as a man, may have a particular will contrary or diss imilar to the general will which he has as a citizen. His particular interest may speak to him quite differently from the common interest: his absolute and naturally independent existence may make him look upon what he owes to the common cause as a gratuitous contribution... The continuance of such an injustice could not but prove the undoing of the body politic. (Rousseau, 194-195). It is evident that Rousseau is aware of humankind’s selfish desires stemming from a personal will, and he believes that if individuals begin to ignore the common will and instead act upon their personal desires and will, that it will often lead to pandemonium. This chaos is likely to destroy any Republic, as conflicting and selfish ideals will cause individuals to lose sight of the general will, leading to the collapse of a coexisting society. Rousseau, however, does not address how individual will originates, a point that Marx discusses in length in his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts. The epitome of the detrimental effects caused by one acting purely on personal will can be seen in the film, American Beauty. In this film, Lester Burnham can be seen acting upon his personal will and ignoring the collective good in hisShow MoreRelatedThe Rousseau s Thesis And Social Contract1548 Words   |  7 PagesTo better understand Rousseau’s thesis and social contract he proposed, we must first understand why Rousseau felt compelled to write and his main criticism of society during the 18th century. In sum, Rousseau argued that states (specifically France, though never explicitly stated) have not protected man’s right to freedom or equality. Rousseau began The Social Contract in dramatic fashion. He wrote, â€Å"man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains† (1). This quote is still used today, and isRead MoreAn Analysis Of Rousseau s On The Social Contract 898 Words   |  4 PagesFinding Meaning in Rousseau In â€Å"On the Social Contract,† Jean-Jacques Rousseau famously declares, â€Å"Man was/is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.† In this essay, I will attempt to explain this famous quote of Rousseau’s. Moreover, through a careful exposition of â€Å"On the Social Contract,† I intend to explain Rousseau’s proposed solution to the conundrum of freedom in society. The preliminary investigation into Rousseau originates with an account of his assertion that, â€Å"Man was/is bornRead MoreJean Jacque Rousseau s Theory Of A Social Contract881 Words   |  4 Pages Jean Jacque Rousseau was one of the most controversial philosophers from 1712-1778. The first to speak explicitly of human rights. He was a Swiss philosopher who was influenced by the French revolution. He believed that people basically everyone is good but it s society that corrupts them to do wrong. Each philosopher had their own ideal world, and his was to have people make laws and obey them. However, Rousseau has a different opinion on the theory of a social contract but also did help developRead MoreLocke And Rousseau s Theory Of A Social Contract1206 Words   |  5 PagesJacques Rousseau are often associated with modern liberal ideas such as equality for all citizens, freedom and liberty, etc†¦ However, Locke and Rousseau present far more nuanced arguments in their works a nd although they share views on some aspects they ultimately have a different political philosophy. Locke and Rousseau have clearly distinct social contract theories, interpretations of man and the state of nature. In his work, Discourse on Inequality, establishes the idea of a fraudulent social contractRead MoreMontesquieu s Spirit Of Laws And Jean Jacques Rousseau s On The Social Contract1620 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment or the people who permit the government to exist? This is the main point of contention between Baron de Montesquieu s Spirit of Laws and Jean-Jacques Rousseau s On the Social Contract. Interestingly, their interpretation of different forms of government converge on the sovereignty of a democracy, but that is where most of their common ground lies. While Rousseau shares similarities on the sovereign authority of a democracy with Montesquieu, he departs by arguing how regardless of governmentRead MoreThe Social Contract ( P153-224 ) Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pa gesThe normative social contract, which is the second part of Rousseau s social contract in The Social Contract (p153-224), is meant to act as a response to the problem to which the social contract is supposed to be the viable solution. According to him the ill-favoured state of circumstances that exist in the contemporary societies are laid out in his account of the moral and political progression of human beings from the peaceful and utopian time of the state of nature where there was equality amongstRead MoreJacques And The Social Contract Theory1287 Words   |  6 Pagesliberties. (Rousseau lecture1) Moreover Rousseau paid great attention to nature and human feelings. He claimed that humans are naturally independent and held a belief that ‘’man is born free and everywhere he is in chains’’ (Rousseau, 2012, pg. 12 ) arguing that people in the state of nature were fundamentally good and pure but became corrupt and evil through the institution of civili sed society (lecture). On the contrary, Rousseau remains to be a huge supporter of the social contract theory, whichRead MoreRousseau, Mill, And Constant Articulated By Unpacking Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinctively different. Rousseau, Mill, and Constant exhibit a very different view of the modernizing society. This paper seeks to point out the distinct visions of liberty that Rousseau, Mill, and Constant articulated by unpacking the central premises of each argument, pitting them against each other through comparing and contrasting. Rousseau’s Vision of Liberty Although, Rousseau distinguishes two specific types of liberty, natural liberty and civil liberty. Rousseau states, that naturalRead MoreRousseau, Mill, And Constant Articulated By Unpacking Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinctively different. Rousseau, Mill, and Constant exhibit a very different view of the modernizing society. This paper seeks to flash out the distinct visions of liberty that Rousseau, Mill, and Constant articulated by unpacking the central premises of each argument, pitting them against each other through comparing and contrasting. Although, Rousseau distinguishes two specific types of liberty, natural liberty and civil liberty. Natural liberty, Rousseau states, is the freedomRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau And The Declaration Of Independence Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau was an Enlightenment thinker during the eighteenth century and is most noted for his work The Social Contract. The Social Contract published in 1762 and is a philosophical document that expresses the ideas of popular sovereignty. Popular Sovereignty is a form of government in which â€Å"the doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern, as trustees of such power, must exercise it in conformity with the general will.† This is basically a fancy

Taking Red Bull to Russia Case Study Example

Essays on Taking Red Bull to Russia Case Study The paper "Taking Red Bull to Russia" is a great example of a case study on marketing.PurposeThe purpose of this stud is to asses the most suitable market for Red Bull. The study will look into the Russian macroeconomic situation to establish whether it is a lucrative market for Red Bull. Red bull is a leading energy drink in the world. Since it was launched in 1984, it has grown to become a favorite energy drink in the world. In 2006, more than 3 billion cans of Red Bull were consumed in the world which shows how the brand has grown to a household name. Through a wacky marketing plan, Red Bull has become a leading brand in 136 countries where it is currently sold. In this marketing strategy, we formulate how Red Bull can be taken to the Russian market. Russia is one of the most expansive countries that occupy both Europe and Asia (BBC). Russia is an emerging market that presents unique marketing opportunities Russia is ranked as one of the countries in the world with a heavy drinkin g habit which means it can also be a good market for the drink.LimitationsThe report will be limited by the availability of credible information on Russia. Since most materials are written in the Russian language, the study will have to rely on analysis done by external authors who print their material in English.Scope of the ReportThe report will concentrate on the internal market condition in Russia. It will review the macroeconomic condition of the country and asses whether it provides the best investment environment for Red Bull.BackgroundRed Bull has a long history that spans back to 1982 when the founder was sitting in a bar in Hong Kong sipping an energy drink. The founder, Dietrich Mteschitz was inspired to come up with a similar drink and market it outside Asia. He did not sleep on his idea and in 1984, he founded Red Bull. He fined tuned the energy drink and also laid down a comprehensive and wacky marketing concept.He first launched the drink in Austria market in 1987. Th e founder identified a marketing opportunity for the product in Australia. Today, the headquarters of the company still remains in Fuchsia am See, in Austria. After four years in the local market, Red Bull was expanded to foreign market touching on Hungary soil in 1992.Red Bull has become a common energy drink in all countries. Its consumption has gone extra higher. When the product was launched, a total of 1.1 million cans of the Red Bull were consumed in the world. In 2006, more than three billion cans of Red Bull were consumed in the whole. This shows that the drink has become a favorite in the world. Currently, Red Bull is marketed in more than 136 countries.In addition, the company has been expanding its portfolio of energy drinks. In 2005, it launched Sabai, an energy drink that was first launched in the United Kingdom, and today, it is sold in more than 17 countries. The company has also launched Carpe Diem, which is a range of energy drinks that mainly targets health-conscio us consumers.

Australian Copyright Law

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Copyright Law. Answer: Introduction Copying of another person`s work cannot be justified or defended by any term of defence (Song-Turner 2009). Content and concepts for any work becomes owned immediately it is produced. The discretion to copying and reuse of such material is in this case placed on the owned. In the event that an individual makes a claim to someones work or makes use of it without proper acknowledgement then that amounts to plagiarism. Plagiarism creates a negative impact on an individual`s level of creativity and invention. Plagiarism may be intentional or unintentional but the effect goes a long way. Giving credit when a part of work or the whole of it is used ensures that the hard work and the effort invested by an individual in developing the piece of work is respected and recognized. In other instances, plagiarism may be considered a patent breach which can lead to prosecution in line with copyright laws. This can lead to legal procedures or potential fines and charges. This paper gives a detailed account on why it is not appropriate to make use of an individuals work or make use of it without making a proper acknowledgement. It also discusses on the needs to have proper acknowledgement of authors for sources used while developing a paper. According to the Australian law, such acts amounts to copyright infringement. Such use is considered misconduct and carries punishable terms in the laws of Australia. It is understandable that an individual may unknowingly do such an act due to poor understanding or in some case because of being misinformed and not knowing how exactly to acknowledge the sources used. Plagiarism as an act has a very negative domino effect on both individuals and the society in general. Plagiarism amounts to theft which is a negative vice and a wrongful act in any society (S?trba, 2012). It is highly unethical to use someone`s work without consent. It is not a victimless act when unethically using an individual`s work as the values and pride of ownership is taken away from the authors through such acts. It belittles their efforts casting valuelessness in their hard work and commitment while producing the work. Plagiarism also tarnishes academic integrity casting a shadow on the need for education as it implies dishonesty and lack of respect on knowledge development and impact. The owner of a concept, idea of a writing is the only person legal entitled to complete free use of such documents. In any instance a content or idea has been produced, it is only the owner that has the rights to reuse it or reproduce it in any manner. Any other person can only, through the consent of the originator, make a publication of it as a whole or a part of it. The author of such writings can make oral reporting or a combination of drafts and any other material used in the development as an evidence in a legal proceeding (Lang, 2016). Unknowingly accepting a plagiarised work leads to misplaced recognition of work. Plagiarised work denies the original author the deserved recognition for his or her writing. Development process of original work is always excruciating involving a lot of literature, research work and consultation. It is disheartening to give credit to an individual who has simply lifted an already processed work when the originator may have not received much recognition. In a learning environment, this discourages commitment to research work while on the other hand favouring dishonesty (Fitzgerald Gilchrist, 2015). Plagiarism causes degeneration in learning environments. A plagiarised work limits the learning process of a student or that particular individual. Due to plagiarism, students miss he opportunity of skill development. The learning process is also obscured because no effort has been placed in the concept development and research work. Students have the necessity of skill development including personal knowledge acquisition. Plagiarism breaks the trust instructors have on their students as the practice amounts to fraudulent deception. Plagiarism prevents personal growth on a learner (Alexander Go?mez-Arostegui, 2016). Submitting a plagiarized work on a task given to assess understanding of a concept prevents a tutor from identifying the weak areas of a student. Assumptions made that the concept is well understood can have a dire consequence latter on in life or in the learning process when they are needed. It leads to culturing of students who are weak in the professional and educatio nal fields while having great accreditations. At high volumes, plagiarism dilutes the academic outcomes in learning institutions. Students get lazy in carrying out learning tasks including material use, writing notes and withdrawal during classes and learning points. This leads to undesirable practices in learning environments (Eechoud Kluwer Law International, 2009). Submission of plagiarised materials blurs assessment and the learning process as a whole. While doing markings and assessments, the tutors end up awarding the students wrong ratings due to plagiarised work. This means that an individual gets credit for content developed by a different person. The students get accredited for skills they may be having very little knowledge and understanding on. When certifying, it is not right that the students who have invested time and effort in to developing an original work are issued the same accreditation as another who has simply copied materials from another source. Lifting and claiming ownership violates a persons investment in both time and effort. A plagiarizer gaining more on recognition as compared to an original developer weakens the concept of creativity and innovation in learning environment (Cantatore, 2014). In a working environment, plagiarism indicates dishonesty as an employee. Involvement in plagiarism is an indication of a dishonest individual and a reflection on behaviour. In the event an individual who plagiarizes is employed in a data sensitive field then such habits ca lead to misdiagnosis and misappropriation due to skewed information. The individual may also be lacking essential practical skills which may have a negative impact while carrying the roles responsible for. Technological innovations and societal factors are constantly modelling and influencing individuals in to copy and paste as a short cut to achieving tasks. Pressure from supervisors at the places of work in addition to pressure from competitors may influence an individual in to engaging in such activities to shorten the delivery time for the tasks assigned. Plagiarism sets a bad example to juniors in any environment (Strowel, 2009). It drives a negative of wrong being right. It kills critical thinking as individ uals see success to be easily achieved through taking credit on another peoples works. Benefits gained from plagiarism can only be short lived. The test or task may be passed at the moment but later on in life, such habits causes a limitation to the ability of an individual in applying creative abilities in a present situation which demands for the specific skills which should have been developed already. When stealing ideas from another person, the gains acquired are normally limited as compared to the restrictions impacted on creativity and originality (Atkinson, 2007). In conclusion, as documented in the paper, it is clear that use of a person`s work or claiming ownership is very bad and is classified as cheating or stealing of ideas. It is not acceptable because it creates discomfort and disheartening to the original authors due to the lack of recognition for their work. The act indicates lack of respect for the original authors while depicting the perpetuator as an insensitive, rude and disrespectful. It eliminates creativity and originality creating unfair recognition and misplaced crediting of unqualified individuals at the expense of the qualified and hardworking ones. The taking advantage of others is highly discouraged among learners and professionals in their fields. References Atkinson, B. (2007).The true history of copyright: The Australian experience 1905-2005. Sydney: Sydney University Press. Alexander, I., Go?mez-Arostegui, H. T. (2016).Research handbook on the history of copyright law. Cantatore, F. (2014).Authors, copyright, and publishing in the digital era. Hershey PA : Information Science Reference, 2014. Eechoud, M. M. M., Kluwer Law International (Firm). (2009).Harmonizing European copyright law: The challenges of better lawmaking. Austin [Tex.: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Fitzgerald, B. F., Gilchrist, J. (2015).Copyright perspectives: Past, present and prospect. Cham : Springer, 2015. Lang, M. (2016).Tax Treaty case law around the globe 2015. Amsterdam: IBFD. Strowel, A. (2009).Peer-to-peer file sharing and secondary liability in copyright law. Cheltenham,UK: Edward Elgar. S?trba, S. I. (2012).International copyright law and access to education in developing countries: Exploring multilateral legal and quasi-legal solutions. Leiden: M. Nijhoff Pub.

Kenny Chesney When the Sun Goes Down free essay sample

As Kenny Chesneys I Go Back plays through your speakers the memories of times of the past cant help but begin to run through your head and your taken back to â€Å"another place and time†. Theres something about the innocence, or what some call recklessness of growing up that many argue you cant get back, but for four short minutes Chesneys I Go back offers you an opportunity to cling to the dreams, wishes, changes, wildness and stories that defined your youth. As a song writer Chesney does a brilliant job sticking to what he knows and finding the simplicity in the chaotic world we live in. In I Go Back the relatable lyrics Chesney belts out offers a unique opportunity for the audience to feel connected with the artist and the stories he shares through his music. Kennys voice does not sound scripted, but instead easy flowing and smooth like that of a story teller; which only enhances the connection between artist and audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Kenny Chesney When the Sun Goes Down or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chesneys voice speaks from the heart and you can feel his desire for his listeners to take the time to think back to the simpler days of life and to the memories that go along with it. Weather it be dreaming big (â€Å"Jack and Diane† painted a picture of my life and my dreams†) falling in love for the first time, graduating and moving on, or the loss of someone close (â€Å"to the loss of a real good friend and the sixteen summers I shared with him†) theres something about growing up that everyone can relate to and this is what truly makes I Go Back so enjoyable to such a vast audience. Although the lyrics of I Go Back are simple and have a down home small town feel to them, the actual music of the song is far from your grandparents classic lullaby country song. The music fits wonderfully with Chesneys attention grabbing, slightly twang, and partially rock and roll voice. While staying true to its roots with its lyrics it has a nice country style acoustic guitar leading the way but is backed by powerful electric guitars and drums which bring out the rock in the song and immediately captures the listeners attention. The music makes the song the perfect hybrid between rock and country. With each piece of music and lyric intertwined its as if Chesney and his band did not have to force anything, but instead let the lyrics and music play off each other to create a flawless chart toping hit. Kenny Chesney doesnt try to be anything he isnt in I Go Back and this in turn brings out everything that he truly is a lover of music, life and making memories. Chesneys ability to â€Å"take us back to another place and time† with such simplicity is what truly makes this song one of the greats.

Marilyn Monroe Marriage to Joe essays

Marilyn Monroe Marriage to Joe essays On January 14, 1954, Marilyn married baseball superstar Joe DiMaggio at San Francisco's City Hall. Unfortunately, Marilyn's worldwide fame and sexual image became a theme that haunted their marriage (Haberman 1). The marriage was unrelieved hell. She thought he did not care enough about her career; that he was jealous and discouraged by her willingness to play the national bimbo (Epstein 2). Nine months later on October 27, 1954, Marilyn and Joe divorced. They attributed the split to a "conflict of careers," and remained close friends. I married Joe with love. I thought I was going to have a good life. I thought we were going to have a decent marriage. I thought we were going to have a relationship as a husband and as a wife. And all the things that are entailed in a good marriage. And Ive discovered that the man is absolutely obsessed with jealousy and possessiveness. . . . He doesnt want to know about my business. He doesnt want to know about my work as an actress. He doesnt want me to associate with any of my friends. He wants to cut me off completely from my whole world of motion pictures, friends, and creative people that I know" (Oates 151) Marilyn Monroes divorce from Joe DiMaggio, there was many events that were potential threats to both her sanity and her life. After the divorce, she moved to New York City to pursue a serious career in acting. She studied under the great Lee Strasberg at his Actors' Studio. In the summer of 1956, two things happened. Marilyn married playwright Arthur Miller, and also Marilyn returned to Hollywood to film another movie, "Bus Stop." During this time in her life Marilyn was also forming her own production company with longtime friend Milton Greene. With the money she earned from previous movie roles, Marilyn started her own motion picture company, Marilyn Monroe Productions. Marilyn Monroe Productions would only make one film, 1957's "The Prince and the S...

Compare and Contrast Essay Writing

Compare and Contrast Essay Writing Here is a short information about 2 possible ways to write a compare and contrast essay. A comparison essay is an essay in which you either compare something or contrast something. To write a comparison essay that is easy to follow, first, decide what the similarities or differences are by writing lists on scrap paper. Which are more significant, the similarities or the differences? Plan to discuss the less significant first, followed by the more significant. It is much easier to discuss ONLY the similarities or ONLY the differences, but you can also do both. Experience a lack of time or inspiration?  Ask our writers for help  and you will get an  essay written to all your requirements. Then for organizing your comparison essay, choose one of the plans described below whichever best fits your list. Plan A: Use Plan A if you have many small similarities and/or differences. After your introduction, say everything you want to say about the first work or character, and then go on in the second half of the essay to say everything about the second work or character, comparing or contrasting each item in the second with the same item in the first. In this format, all the comparing or contrasting, except for the statement of your main point, which you may want to put in the beginning, goes on in the SECOND HALF of the piece. Plan B: Use Plan B if you have only a few, larger similarities or differences. After your introduction, in the next paragraph discuss one similarity or difference in BOTH works or characters, and then move on to the next paragraph to the second similarity or difference in both, then the third, and so forth, until youre done. If you are doing both similarities and differences, juggle them on scrap paper so that in each part you put the less important first (X and Y are both alike in their social positions . . .), followed by the more important (but X is much more aware of the dangers of his position than is Y). In this format, the comparing or contrasting goes on in EACH of the middle parts. Now, when you know the  possible ways of comparing and contrasting, lets check out our list of compare and contrast essay topics: 30 TOP Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Need an essay?   offers all essay types on different topics. Place an order now to get your essay on time.

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions - Essay Example No other information on the Volvo was likely to find such an available spot in his memory. His position was further reinforced by the representative heuristic (The Fallacy Files 2007). Every Volvo he had known had been a piece of junk. Though the fact that he had seen only one Volvo in his lifetime rendered it statistically meaningless, to him it was 100 percent of them. In making the decision on whether to buy a Volvo or Saab, I would rely on expert testimony. The experts at Consumer Reports would certainly qualify as informed and unbiased experts. I would also rely on the feedback from existing Volvo owners. To convince my supervisor, I would use an appeal to authority argument and persuade the supervisor that these were indeed experts (Nolt et al. 1998 p.199). I would also demonstrate how many Volvo owners are very happy with the car. Though this may be the fallacy of appealing to popularity, my supervisor has shown he is vulnerable to false logic (Nolt et al. 1998 p.201). I would have no ethical problem with this as I am convinced that the Volvo is superior by my own sound reasoning. By acknowledging that the candidate for the Marketing Managers position was well qualified, it puts forth the belief that my co-worker was biased. My co-worker may have had an uneasy feeling about hiring someone who has worked for a competitor for so long.

Observing Science Teaching in a Secondary School Essay

Observing Science Teaching in a Secondary School - Essay Example Shallow and understandable language was in application, no experimentations, no confirmation tests, just a mention of few examples relating to the topic. Ideally, the reference to a lemon as an acid and ash as a base was the only regard to the topic. Moreover, the pupils had no questions to the topic and the teachers barely explained further details on the topic. In the secondary school level, much advancement came in defining the chemical terms, detailed examples, applications, experimentations, confirmation tests, and reactions that demonstrate the topic. Indeed, there were chemical definitions of acid, bases, and salts. These definitions were reliant on certain concepts and theories that establish the loss or gain of hydrogen ions in dissolving compounds. At this level, the confirmation tests like the litmus test were in application, more examples like hydrochloric acid, ammonia as a base, and ammonium chloride as a salt were present, and much emphasis came to being. The use of a pH indicator to ascertain acidity or basicity was relevant at this level. Actually, the teachers would offer many experiments in light of putting emphasis on this topic. Additionally, the students had varied questions on this topic that the teachers answered and significantly classified acids, bases, and salts. In fact, the teachers introduced the idea of balanci ng and representing such reactions in chemical equations. Moreover, the issue of chemical reactions that manifest this topic was dominant at this level of education and the results of such equations representing chemical reactions were either acidic , basic, or neutral compounds (Roanoke Valley Governors School, n.y, p.1). The concept of water dissociation and neutralization that rose from the reaction between an acidic compound and a basic compound largely featured in this context. HNO3 (aq) + NaOH (aq)Â  -H2O (l) + NaNO3 (aq) was such a

Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity Essay Example for Free

Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity Essay Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity People of different religions are in contact with each other every day, and do not even realize it. Here in the United States there is a compilation of many religions. Three major religions not only in the United States, but also throughout the world are Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. There are many differences, and few similarities when comparing Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. Not only are the backgrounds of these religions similar and different, but so are the practices that they still live out to this day. Hinduism originated between 4000 and 2000 BC. Hinduism believes in Karma, â€Å"you reap what you sow,† and reincarnation. Reincarnation is the belief that after death, the soul can come back to earth in another body. The Hindu trinity is the Brahma, Vishnu, and the Shiva, which are the three aspects of the same divine being. There are four goals in the life of a Hindu. They are Kama, Artha, Dharma, and Moksha. These mean the fulfillment of certain desires, wealth, religious duties, and not wanting things. The cow and the bull are both considered sacred and should not be slaughtered. So Hindus are forbidden from eating beef. There are many festivals affiliated with the Hindu religion, because they believe it keeps them close to their gods. At least once a month, there is a Hindu festival, where they celebrate their diversity. Islam is the second largest religion in the world, and the fastest growing religion in the world. Islam is the belief in the Judeo-Christian God. Muslims are monotheistic, and believe in the five pillars of Islam. The five pillars are the Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, and the Hajj. The Shahada means testimony, Salat is for prayer, Zakat is for giving, Sawm is for fasting, and Hajj means pilgrimage. According to Muslims, Muhammad was a cornerstone of Islam, and he was god’s messenger. For Muslims, the pig is an unclean animal, and is forbidden to eat unless prepared in accordance with prescribed rules. Intoxicating drinks and substances are prohibited. Christianity is a major world religion that adapted over 2000 years ago. It is the belief that Jesus of Nazareth is the Son of God. The major text of Christianity is the Bible. The Bible concludes of an Old and a New Testament, and is a compilation of books. Christians have many ways of religious practices. There are festivals and feasts, which are usually celebrated on holidays. The communal worship takes place on Sundays and other days of the week in which people from the church come together for rituals. The last is private worship, which is used when one is alone, where they can engage in prayer, devotions, and spiritual practices. Islam is a religion founded by a prophet. In contrast, Hinduism is a group of religious traditions, established over a period of time. In Hinduism personalities do not count as much as the divine law or the dharma. So in Islam the message of Islam is far more important than the person of Muhammad himself. Unlike Christianity, Muslims do not worship their prophet. Unlike Islam, Hinduism is strictly monogamous. Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam all share similarities and differences. Unlike Hinduism, Christianity and Islam share the belief of only one god. Hindus have a god for fire, death, water, etc. The practices of Christianity and Islam are sometimes in groups, while Hinduism is practiced alone. All three religions believe in the efficacy of prayer. But Hinduism and Islam believe in the importance of remembering and reciting the names, words, and deeds of god, for inner purification. Unlike Islam and Christianity, Hinduism has the choice of an intervener between god and a person, such as a priest or a guru for assistance. Intimate relationships are not approved of in Islam and Hinduism. Dating is considered both irreligious and immoral. In these two religions along with Christianity, premarital sex is considered immoral also. In conclusion all three religions share that they believe in an afterlife, and strive for immortality. For all religions death is a normal and natural thing that leads to an eternal life. Christianity and Islam are closer together then Hinduism. Mostly Europeans adopted Christianity along with Islam in the 18th and 19th centuries. This means that both Christianity and Islam have been influenced in some ways by the European culture. The Europeans have pulled Christianity and Islam close together while the Europeans have never influenced Hinduism, which makes Hinduism different from the other two religions.

President :: essays research papers

Presidential Essay The real question at hand is what is a President? A President is a leader, someone who others will trust and rely on to make the right choices and decisions for the general public, or in this case the residents of the building. A President must possess many skills and abilities, for he is the chief officer of the organization, and is entrusted with the direction and administration of its policies. This is a very serious and important position, in which the person who assumes that role must be capable of performing at the highest level of capability. The President must possess people skills, which is the ability to respond appropriately to every situation in an appropriate and efficient manner. He has to be able to work well with others, especially the other members of his cabinet. The President must also have an expertise in communication skills, oral and written, so as to have the ability to talk with the students and fully understand exactly what they are saying and asking for. Aft er all, it is the job of the President to do what is best for the students. The president must be trustworthy, and have the trust of his cabinet members. He must be reliable, so he can take care of all problems or issues that come his way. Most of all, the President must be motivated. He has to have the fire in his heart, which burns at the thought of helping out and representing his peers. This is why I know that I am the right person for this position, because I possess all of these qualifications. I am the right man for the job, as I will not accept defeat, and will do everything that is in my powers to be the best possible representative of my peers, my residents, my friends. I have chosen to run for president, because I know and understand what the common person wants, and I have ideas on how to make this the greatest year living in La Riviere ever. Twenty years from now, I want everyone to look back on their experiences in La Riviere, smile, and say "I, President of the H all Council, made my sophomore year the greatest one at WNEC." I am running for Hall Council President because I want to make a difference. I want the opportunity, as President, to make one person's year a little bit better.

Academic Degree and Convocation Essay

You will be glad to know that the Convocation will be held on 15th July, 2013, at our main Campus, Energy Acres, Bidholi Campus, Uttarakhand. We are privileged to have with us HE Shri Pranab Mukherjee, President of India as the Chief Guest, Shri Aziz Qureshi, Hon’ble Governor of Uttarakhand and Shri Vijay Bahuguna, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Uttarakhand will be the Guest of Honour. We are looking forward to see you at the Convocation. The following may kindly be noted at your end: 1. You are requested to send your confirmation for attending the Convocation latest by 21st June , 2013 by mail to your respective course coordinator with a copy marked to Dr Satya Sheel ( satyasheel@ddn. upes. ac. in ) as per the details given below: (kindly indicate your Name, Enrollment No. & Course) 2. Please note that confirmation to attend the Convocation will be on first cum first serve basis. Confirmation received beyond 21st June will not be accepted under any circumstance. * Mohd Yaqoot at myaqoot@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (PM) students * Ms. Shilpi Mukherjee at smukherjee@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (IFM) students * Dr. P C Bahuguna at bahugana@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (O&G) students. * Ms Surbhi Arora at sarora@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (ET) students. * Dr. B. K. Singh at binodsingh@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (L&SCM) students * Mr Vibhav Prasad Mathur at vpmathur@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (ISM) students. * Dr R Jayaraj at rjayaraj@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (IBM) students. * Mr Tophan Patra at tpatra@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (PSM) students. * Mr Manish Yadav at myadav@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (AVM) students. * Mr. Sunil Barthwal at sunilb@ddn. upes. ac. in for BBA (O&G) students. * Mr. Rajesh Tripathi at rajesh. tripathi@ddn. upes. ac. in for BBA (AVO) students. * Dr. Vipul Sharma at vipul@ddn. upes. ac. in for Integrated BBA + MBA students * Mr Vikas Kumar at vkumar@ddn. upes. ac. in for Int B. Tech (APE) + MBA (O&G) students * Mr. Pankaj M Prasad at pmprasad@ddn. upes. ac. in for Int B. Tech (APE) + MBA (UAM) students. * Mr Bhalchandra Shinghan at bshingan@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (APE) Gasstream students. * Mr Uday Bhan at ubhan@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (APE) Upstream students * Dr. U Kedareswarudu at ukedareswardu@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (GSE) students. * Mr Kartik Sundarraj at ksundarraj@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (ASE) students * Mr. Pankaj Kr. Sharma at pankjpme@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (ADE) students. * Mr. Pavan K Nanduri at pknanduri@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (AVE) students * Dr. Pankaj Srivastava at pksrivastava@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (GIE) students. * Dr PSVS Sridhar at psvssridhar@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (CSE) students. * Ms. N. Prasanthi at prasanti@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (EE) students * Ms. Madhu Sharma at madhusharma@ddn. upes. ac. in for M. Tech (ES) students. * Ms. Nishanthini at nishanthinis@ddn. upes. ac. in for M. Tech (HSE) students. * Mr. Vishal Mishra at vmishra@ddn. upes. ac. in M. Tech (PDE) students. * Mr. Adarsh Kumar Arya at akarya@ddn. upes. ac. in for M. Tech (PLE) students . * Dr. V. L Narsimhan at vlnarasimham@ddn. upes. ac. in for M. Tech (PE) students. * Mr V S S Velidi Gurunadh at gvssvelidi@ddn. upes. ac. in for M. Tech (CFD) students * Wg Cdr P K Gupta at pkgupta@upes. ac. in for Executive MBA (O&G), Executive MBA (Power Management), Executive MBA (Aviation Management), Lateral B. Sc (Aviation Studies), Lateral B. Sc (Aircraft Maintenance) * Dr Anjali Midha at amidha@upes. ac. in for Ph. D Programs. * Ms. Shruti Reddy at sreddy@ddn. upes,ac. in for B. A; LLB(Hons) with specialization in Energy Laws. 2. The Convocation rehearsal will be held at 1400 hrs on 14th July, 2013 at our main Campus, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun. Buses would be available from 1300hrs-1330 hrs from FRI main gate to ferry you to the campus. 3. Attendance at the rehearsal is mandatory without which you will not be allowed to participate in the Convocation at any cost. 4. All the students are necessarily required to wear Convocation gown. This will be available on rent for Rs. 105 (total for rehearsal and Convocation Ceremony). You will have to pay a security deposit of Rs. 500/- which is refundable at the end of the convocation ceremony. The Convocation Gowns will be distributed on the day of the rehearsal. 5. All graduating students are expected to be seated by 10:00 hrs on 15th July, 2013 for the Convocation Ceremony. 6. Formal dress code for boys and girls is mandatory. For Boys, lounge suit preferable dark color. UPES tie, black shoes and black socks are recommended. For Girls, the dress code is sarees. Please note that only those students who have completed the academic requirements and have been declared pass by the University and whose attendance at the Convocation has been confirmed by their Course Coordinator will be allowed to attend the Convocation. The list of all graduating students has been put up on notice board and has been posted on Student Portal. For details please contact Mr. A. P. Semwal / Mr. Rajeev Kumar Pandey at Dehradun Campus. For security reasons all the students are requested to carry their identity proof including the identity card of the student. We at UPES are very excited and look forward to meet you on 14th July, 2013 for full dress rehearsal and for the Convocation on 15th July, 2013. Thanking you, With Best Wishes, Deepa Verma Director (Institutional Affairs).

Debut albums, Life Essay

This is a phrase, a philosophy phrase that is about living, daily living. But what do you think it really means or should we say what is the hidden meaning about it? Why just living is not enough? Living is not enough because we need to experience all the things we can. Simple as to explore the world or the things that was given to us by our beloved GOD. We need to experience all good, better and best, bad, worse and worst. From worst to best to know what the word LIFE truly means. It also doesn’t mean we need to do crimes in order to experience bad things, it’s just like problems, wounds and etc. We and I consider it as bad things because I don’t like any of that happen to me. Just living is not enough†¦. We need to explore and find the true meaning of life. He who hesitates is probably right. This is a philosophy that we can use daily, why? Because this is about decision making. And we always make decision in every aspect of our life. As a student I can relate in this because of our recitations in school. We always hesitate before we raise our hands to answer. We will suddenly know that our or my answer is right because someone answers it. And it’s too late to get the credit. The philosophy above is trying to teach or to tell us that if we have ideas, share it, tell it, explain it because we will never know if our ideas is right if we don’t try it. Not only for students but all individuals around the globe. Human life is purely a matter of deciding what’s important to you. This Philosophy is saying human life always choose what’s important to you. But why? All individuals are different from each other, different tastes, likes, dislikes and many more. But we all have similarities, we always choose what’s important to us in every problem that comes in our life. For some instances, family problems like marriage and your family doesn’t want your fiance or fiancee, you will decide what’s MORE important to you your family or your love one? If you choose your family, then go and it’s also the same if you choose your love one. I understand in this philosophy that this our instict that we always choose what’s important to us but it never assures us that what is important will be the best for us. Only friends can answer your calls everytime of day that matter. This is a simple philosophy that is about friendship. If we first read it, we will quickly understand what it means. But what do we understand? We all know we have many friends in our life, friends in school, friends in the neighborhood and many more. We also know not all friends are real, just like this saying says â€Å"Some friends are gold and some friends are silver†. The philosophy above is trying to tell us that only TRUE and REAL friends can answer your calls no matter what your problem is. The friends that are there for you no matter what. No matter what time of day it is, you could call them and they’d be there for you. And it’s true, they are the ones that matter. The people who you can really rely on to be there for you are the ones that should matter in your life.

Territorial Identity essays

Territorial Identity essays Territorial identity is a feeling that have in common a group of people (territorial community), which is a clear definition of their territory. In fact, people don not relate themselves to a territory, but to its institutions, economic system, goals, and its destiny. The Territorial identity has two forces that are contradictory. The first one is the power to unify, while the second is the power to divide. It is the Nationalism or territorial identity that unified the German territory, which was initially divided into several politically and economically independent regions like Prussia and Bavaria. Fortunately, the leader of Prussia, Bismarck tried to indoctrinate the Germans with a national feeling. Although Bismarck could have had purely personal reasons (extending his rule and power), he is regarded in Germany as a hero and a successful leader. This strategy is still used by modern nation-states trough ideological state apparatus like flags, money, stamps, schools textbooks, and national anthems. In Morocco, in 1975, the king Hassan II organized the green walk, la marche verte. This walk was widely supported by the Moroccans because of this feeling that is territorial identity. In Morocco, Nationalism was used to unify Moroccans under the rule of the king Hassan the second. If Nationalism were used only to unify, I would have supported it unconditionally. As Dochacek stated : a territorial nation state is still considered a more efficient instrument than any alternative for coping with mens collective problems: it protects them against external dangers (or so they believe); maintains the internal order, and, taking up the collective challenges of modern economy and technology... social progress. In some cases, the territorial identity uses its other force, which the capability to divide. To better illustrate this case, I would state the example of Basque nationalists that aggreg ...

Encouraging Trends in Trucking 2,800+ Jobs Since June!

Encouraging Trends in Trucking 2,800+ Jobs Since June! According to the U.S. Labor Department, the for-hire trucking sector gained 2,800 jobs in July, putting its total employment figure at more than 1.46 million, the highest it’s seen in more than 8 years. More broadly, the transportation and warehousing industry saw an increase of 14,400 jobs. Total non-farm employment jobs went up by 215,000 this month too- the overall unemployment rate is still at 5.3%, the lowest it’s been longer than seven years. Factors for the increases include baby boomers retiring, women leaving the workforce, or job skills no longer matching up. Other fields that saw major gains this quarter were retail, health care, professional and technical services, and financial activities.While the rise may have fallen short of economists’ expectations, it’s good news for truckers and warehouse and transportation professionals across the country.Stay tuned for further updates as the next quarter looms!Economic Watch: Trucking, Overall Employme nt ImproveRead More at TruckingInfo

Wsj article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wsj - Article Example The Realty Advisory Board on Labor relations therefore, has planned for negotiations with the local 32BJ to deal with the striking workers and to re-adjust their business strategy to end the strike. This is because strategy is meant to fill in the need of organizations for a sense of dynamic direction, focus and cohesiveness. Members of the union and other New York City building workers rallied for a wage increase and voted for authorization of strike if the negotiations broke down. A security guard Michael Dawson stated â€Å"we should not be struggling in the richest city.† This means New York is a competitive market place hence for the union to operate successfully they should learn on how to adapt to a continuously changing business environment. In addition the business policies should be dynamic, continuous and goal oriented. For instance in the article the striking workers demanded for increased wages to protect health and pension benefits which is also a goal the union tends to achieve. A change in any one of the major components in the strategic management model can necessitate a change in the others

Broome County CAFR Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Broome County CAFR - Article Example With the increased use of debt capital for financing, the magnitude of interest payable on outstanding debt increases (Megginson and Smart, 2008, p.53). The actual long term solvency would depend on the ability of the company to generate sufficient incomes from their operations so that they are able to service fixed interest payable on outstanding liability. Generally the ideal value of debt ratio should be less than 0.50. Debt Equity Ratio The Debt to Equity ratio is a measure of relative proportion of debt to shareholders’ equity that is used by the company to finance its assets. It is one of the indicators for long term solvency of a company. The two components of this ratio are derived from the balance sheet of the company that reflects the company’s financial position on a given date. The debt observed in this ratio is usually the long term debt of the organization. The composition of debt and equity in the capital structure of a firm determines influences value of firm and its long term solvency (Gibson, 2012, pp.285-286). Basically, this ratio is a measure of company’s future obligations relative in balance sheet to equity and higher values indicate that company’s long term debt exceeds shareholders’ equity. Hence, the ideal value should be less than 1. Financial Health Analysis When the balance sheet of Broom County was analyzed for the years 2006 and 2007, it was found that Debt Ratio of Governmental Activities was 50.61% and 49.06% respectively. As discussed earlier, the acceptable value of this ratio should be less than 50% and the organization seems to have deleveraged their balance sheet in the year 2007 from 2006. The value of this ratio from Business Activities for... This research is being carried out to conduct a long term solvency test on Broom County. It is referred to as the company’s ability to honor long term obligations. In order to assess the long term solvency of the firm there are many standard ratios available such as Debt size ratio, Debt to equity ratio, Cash flow coverage ratio, Debt service as percentage of revenues, and so on. In this study the long term solvency of Broom County was analyzed using two key ratios namely Debt size ratio and Debt equity ratio. The formulas for the respective ratios are as follows, Debt Size Ratio = Total Debt/Total Asset Debt-Equity Ratio = Total Debt/Total Net Asset Debt Size Ratio measures the degree of financial leverage of the company, and generally higher values indicate higher financial risk. The ratio indicates whether the company is in a better financial position to service its total debt with its total assets. The Debt to Equity ratio is a measure of relative proportion of debt to shareholders’ equity that is used by the company to finance its assets. It is one of the indicators for long term solvency of a company. When the balance sheet of Broom County was analyzed for the years 2006 and 2007, it was found that Debt Ratio of Governmental Activities was 50.61% and 49.06% respectively. As discussed earlier, the acceptable value of this ratio should be less than 50% and the organization seems to have deleveraged their balance sheet in the year 2007 from 2006. The value of this ratio from Business Activities for both the years are less than 50% and are hence within tolerable limits.

Scholarly Literature Review HRD 468 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scholarly Literature Review HRD 468 - Assignment Example This paper is going to review three articles with special focus on the quality management discussed within them and identify the major striking features of significance and conclude by examining the applicability of the total quality management to give solution. The paper, reviewed three study papers related to performance of the organization with relationship to quality. It realized that indeed, customers value quality and will appreciate a company that sticks to quality factors in its production process. Total quality management is a concept that has been with us for long time being developed and embraced by different companies with time. The concept is about introducing quality in all facets of production from design of a product to the ultimate sale of the product to the customer. Quality needs to be adopted in not only the production process but also the distribution, administration as well as customer service. It is therefore, not just a common practice within the private sector but also government agencies and administration (Vincent & Joel, 2004). This paper is going to review three articles with special focus on the quality management discussed within them and identify the major striking features of significance and conclude by examining the applicability of the total quality management to give solution. Gilles Grolleau, N. M. (2012). Is business performance related to the adorption of quality and environmental-related standards? Journal of environmnetal resource economics , 525-548. While trying to study how performance of businesses may be related to adoption of quality and environmental related standards with a sample of French firms confirmed that that the relationship may in fact be valid. However, they acknowledged the constraints of the data that their research faced. This apart from compromising the generalization of the research findings, also limited the validity of the research as a whole for implementation purposes (Gilles, Naoufel, &

Nipah Virus and the Potential for Bioterrorism

Nipah Virus and the Potential for Bioterrorism Nipah Virus and the Potential for Bioterrorism Introduction Bioterrorism is considered to be one of the most talked about issues with regard to national security since the inception of the new millennium. On September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorism struck the United States with the crashing and attempted crashing of airplanes into significant economic and political buildings. This act of terror was a significant beginning to fears of what was next from terrorist groups. Even though this was not the first, and definitely not the last, terrorist threat or attempt it was definitely the most profound and unquestionably caused fear, panic and social disruption much less economic issues globally. Within days of the 9/11 attacks the awareness of American vulnerability became more evident with the media publicity of the Anthrax scares. This brought about international concerns with bioterrorism as envelopes that were filled with anthrax spores were sent to political and media sources throughout the United States and twenty-two people were infected and five deaths occurred (Ryan Glarum, 2008). Nipah is just one of many viruses that are available to terrorist groups for development as a bioweapon. In 1999 this virus was first found and noted to be very easily disseminated to humans through inhalation and ingestion. Even though there are many potential pathogens available, the Nipah virus has proven itself to be one of the most dangerous and advantageous . As the Nipah virus progressed there was fear noted by workers, families and healthcare providers in southern Asia. With a mortality rate of 40% to 100% (Lam, 2002; World Health Organization [WHO], 2009) in infected areas, and an economic impact that cost several millions to Malaysias economy, this virus has potential for significant bioterrorism. Natural History The Nipah Virus (NiV), family paramyxoviridae, was first recognized in Malaysia, South Asia in late 1998 into Spring 1999. This disease was recognized when an outbreak of sickness and death occurred among pig farmers, it infected 265 people, with 105 deaths, a mortality rate of approximately 40% (Lam, 2002). This virus was new to the scientific community and first thought to be Japanese Encephalitis (JE) which had occurred in approximately the same location years earlier. JE was also noted to infect people that were around domesticated pigs, just like the currently identified Nipah Virus (Center for Disease Control [CDC], 2001). The Nipah virus was found to also have similar symptoms as those of the Hendra Virus which caused respiratory disease and encephalitis in Australia in 1994 (Fraser, 2009). The Nipah virus is considered by the CDC as a newly emerging pathogen that could be engineered for mass dissemination (Ryan Glarum, 2008; Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.). Since the onset of the Nipah virus in 1999, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), there have been twelve significant outbreaks since the initial, with 202 persons infected and a loss of life of 146 individuals, mortality of over 72%. Two of these outbreaks, one in India in 2007 and one in Bangladesh in 2008 had mortality rates of 100%, showing the devastating effects of this virus (WHO, 2009). The initial investigation of the Nipah virus found that abattoir workers who dealt with pigs daily and those that were exposed through farming and transporting pigs were getting ill. As the investigation continued it found that the pigs were infecting the workers (zoonotic disease). After discovery, subsequently over 1.1 million pigs were disposed of to quell the transmission of the virus. This destruction of pigs was significantly devastating to the economy of Malaysia noting an estimated loss of $217 million dollars (Ryan Glarum, 2008, p. 104). Virus Transference The Nipah virus host was found to be pteropid bats (flying foxes), located in Australia and the southern areas of Asia. During expansion of farms toward the rainforests and the destruction of the rainforest for manufacturing and industry, many animals including bats had to relocate to survive. Many pig farmers in Malaysia also had large fruit orchards situated next to the pig enclosures, as growth of pig farming continued and the loss of habitat for bats persisted to change bats started to forage the nearby orchards for food. As this progression continued there was an increased chance of disease contamination to domestic animals from wildlife, and as such a significant increase in contact between pigs and bats. Therefore, greater opportunity for transmission of the Nipah virus (â€Å"Dr. Jonathan Epstein Returnsâ€Å", 2005). As the Nipah virus was investigated it was believed to have been transmitted to pigs from bats through the saliva, urine and feces of the bats which feed and nest in local orchards (â€Å"Dr. Jonathan Epstein Returnsâ€Å", 2005), near pig pens. This potential transmission probably occurred when bat secretions fell into the pig pens and were ingested by these domesticated animals. The initial human virus outbreak in Malaysia and Singapore was believed to have been from direct contact with sick pigs or their meat products, and possibly could have come from the consumption of contaminated fruit or juices from the orchards. As the virus progressed and research was done there was an established link noting person-to-person contamination through close contact (World Health Organization [WHO], 2009) Physiology of Exposure The Nipah virus seems to have many different clinical manifestations in individual animals and humans. There is a broad range of clinic signs that can point to virus infection that cause researchers and healthcare providers to not recognize patterns of initial infection, therefore not recognizing potential disease outbreaks. According to the WHO (2009), the incubation period (interval from infection to onset of symptoms) varies from four to 45 days. This significant range makes it incredibly hard to follow the virus between initial exposure and medical treatment. Recognizing that the person is showing signs of a virus, and narrowing down the specific virus, then treating it appropriately for an individual is a challenge but feasible. But with such a wide incubation period there is a possibility that viable information could be lost or not noticed. The physiological symptoms of this virus in humans is characterized by non-specific signs and symptoms to include severe headache, fever, vomiting, myalgia (muscular pain) disorientation, respiratory diseases, neurological deficits and encephalitis and in many cases may cause coma or death (Center for Infectious Disease Research Policy [CIDRAP], 2009). In pigs there is characterization of signs and symptoms depending on the age of the animal. The basic signs noted are fever, shortness of breath, muscle twitching, trembling, rear leg weakness, severe coughing, open-mouth breathing, abnormal posturing and convulsions (CIDRAP, 2009). After initial exposure and treatment follow-up research was done and in this study it was noted that there were relapses in clinic symptoms to include encephalitis up to twenty-two months later, without re-exposure. The research and that an estimated 160 patients who recovered from acute encephalitis and 89 patients who experienced asymptomatic infection received follow-up care for ‘late-onset encephalitis (neurological manifestations occurring for the first time at ten or more weeks after initial infection) or ‘relapsed encephalitis (neurological manifestations after recovery from acute encephalitis) (Halpin Mungall, 2007, p. 290). Host Sources The Nipah Virus source comes from Pteropus fruit bats (AKA: Flying Foxes), which are found in Southern Asia and Australia. In 1997 fruit bats were noted to begin foraging on flowers and nectar in trees located near orchards contiguous to infected areas (Cobey, 2005). Fruit bats were found to be the natural source of this virus and caused the transfer of the virus to pigs and human beings. As domesticated pigs were sold for breeding and transferred to other farms the virus was quickly disseminated further throughout southern Asia (Cobey, 2005). Possible Use in Biowarfare Biowarfare, and in this day and age bioterrorism, is a threat that began before the birth of Christ. According to Dr. Michael D. Phillips, M.D. one of the first recorded incidents [of bioterrorism]was in Mesopotamia. The Assyrians employed rye ergot, an element of the fungus Claviceps purpurea, which contains mycotoxins. Rye ergot was used by Assyria to poison the wells of their enemies, with limited success (Phillips, 2005, p. 32). Use of pathogens to induce sickness, death or terror has continued until present time. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has listed the Nipah virus as a critical biological agent, Category C. Category C agents are emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future because of: * Availability * Ease of production and dissemination * Potential for high morbidity and mortality rates and major health impact (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.,  ¶ 3; (Ryan Glarum, 2008, p. 105)) With this categorization the virus is a living pathogen that can be developed as a bioweapon with the right knowledge, and equipment. For the virus to be weaponized it needs to be purified, stabilized and properly sized. Since this is a living virus the bioterrorist agent can be replicated once disseminated (Ryan Glarum, 2008). At this time, there is no information about how this virus could be manufactured to become a bioterrorist agent, but with the right knowledge the potential is there. Production Methods Since the Nipah virus has proven to be disseminated through secretions from bats and pigs, and shown to cause severe infection and death it can potentially be used as a bioterrorist agent with little changes in its basic state. If the excretions from infected bats in palm juice can cause infection and death then there is ease in distribution with a significant amount of virus. Even with these basic distribution methods there is information about the Nipah virus and its compounds being published. As knowledge continues be found about the virus and information availability of the compounds there is potential for virus manipulation for maximum threat to animals and humans to induce fear and panic. Information such as this is noted in an article by Medical News Today, (2005). This article states that UCLA scientists have revealed how the Nipah virus infiltrates human cells. The article further states the virus exploits a protein that is essential to embryonic development to enter cells and attack. The virus must infect a cell by binding to a viral-specific receptor and once that is done penetrates the cell. The article actually gives the receptor name as Ephrin-B2, and is found to be the key to unlocking these dangerous cells. If this information is so easily accessible and is available it allows terrorists groups with the knowledge and expertise to manipulate the virus for dissemination and extreme virulence. The Nipah virus is still a relatively new virus and steps are slowly being made in understanding this infant virus. As of this time there is very little knowledge about how effective this virus would be or what would be needed to make it infective. With bioterrorist there is always a concern with the storage and stability of the virus for development and weaponization. As developments are made and intelligence is gathered with regard to potential agents there will be a concern with any viral pathogen. Transmissibility Animal-to-human Animal (pig) to human transmissibility was the first noted issue with regard to the detection of the Nipah virus in 1999. As stated earlier the virus spread rapidly and was found to have started with pig farmers and abattoir workers that worked closely and handled these animals. As the virus progressed and workers died it was found that pigs in these farms had been coughing loudly (bark type of cough), and nerve damage was becoming prevalent. In a short amount of time approximately five percent of these animals died and the illness was spreading significantly (Pearl, 2006). Also transmissibility has been noted from non-specific animal contact put through the ingestion of date palm juice taken from the trees that bats nest and feed. As the fruit tree workers and farmers gather the palm juice through clay pots bats drink from the pots and transfer saliva to the nectar (Pearl, 2006). Person-to-person Many of the articles written on the Nipah virus states that there is no evidence that there is transmissibility of the virus from person-to-person. In contrast, according to a research investigation done during a Bangladeshi outbreak in 2004, there is definitive evidence that the Nipah virus can be transmitted from person-to-person (Gurley et al., July 2007). According to the research, subsequent investigations in India and Bangladesh have suggested that Nipah virus may have been transmitted from person-to-person. During an outbreak in 2001in India, 75% of the patients, including fourteen healthcare workers, had a history of hospital exposure to patients infected with Nipah virus (Gurley et al., July 2007), with no other exposure risks noted. The exposure, and subsequent virus, occurred with persons who lived with or cared for the patients, and persons who were in close contact for a significant amount of time. According to a research article published by the CDC, the Nipah virus can be transmitted from person-to-person. The article states, in a densely populated area a lethal virus could rapidly spread before effective interventions are implemented. This spread would provide the seed for a substantial regional or global public health problem (Gurley et al., 2007, p. 1036). According to Gurley et al., 2007 there is significant evidence that person-to-person contact will cause infection. The person-to-person transmissibility factors include having (1) touched or received a cough or sneeze in the face, (2) any contact with someone who later died, was febrile, unconscious, or had respiratory difficulty, and (3) visited the home, and possibly, the village an infected person. The most significant evidence of person-to-person infections was with a religious leader where twenty-two persons who had became infected after close contact. The religious leader was moved to his home and eight members of his household became infected. Two brothers who lived a significant distance away were infected after only a six hour visitation, son-in-law and daughter who lived only about one hour away and eleven other followers of the leader contracted the disease after contact (Gurley et al., 2007) with no noted other infection means. Surface-to-person To this date there is no evidence of any transfer of the virus to persons from surface contact, in fact how long the virus remains infectious on environmental surfaces is not known. In an article written by (Gurley et al., 2007) collection of 468 environmental specimens were gathered through swabbing of potential surfaces that included walls, bed frames, mattresses, floors and utensils in hospital rooms and residences of infected individuals. Also collected were swabs from trees, fruits, excrement and other surfaces around possible bat foraging sites. With all of this gathered specimens the only information obtained was that the infected individuals shed the virus into the environment, showing potential for transmission, but no evidence was found that surfaces caused any positive infection to another person. Potential for contagion and considerations relative to Biodefense The Nipah virus has the potential to be a very detrimental bioweapon of choice for domestic or international terrorists. With the virus being zoonotic (disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals, [â€Å"Zoonosisâ€Å", 2009]), which effects animals and humans, and the ease of transmission from the saliva and urine of fruit bats to these two groups the potential for a Potential for contagion and considerations relative to biodefense According to Kortepeter and Parker (Kortepeter Parker, 1999), for a biological agent to be used for a greatest plausible occurrence, an agent must have specific properties: * the agent should be highly lethal and easily produced in large quantities * Given that the aerosol route is the most likely for a large-scale attack, stability in aerosol and capability to be dispersed (17,000 to 5,000 nanometers (nm) particle size) are necessary * being communicable from person-to-person, and * having no treatment or vaccine In using the above criteria the Nipah virus would make a credible biological threat for a domestic or international terrorist group. Host bats being plentiful in Australia and southern Asia would make it easy to obtain the saliva, feces or urine of these hosts for initial development of the virus. The Nipah virus being 150 to 200 nm in diameter and 10,000 to 10,040 nm long (CIDRAP, 2009,  ¶ 3), it could be used in an aerosol form for dispersement. According to Gurley et al., there is significant evidence that there is person-to-person communicability and according to the WHO, there are currently no drugs or vaccines available to treat Nipah virus infection. Intensive supportive care with treatment of symptoms is the main approach to managing the infection in people (2009,  ¶8 ). Conclusion The Nipah virus should be a concern for any government as a potential for a bioterrorist attack. As with the 9/11 and the anthrax attacks in 2001 there could be significant fear, panic, economic issues and social disruption if this virus was used. With a mortality rate of 40% to 100% (Lam, 2002; WHO, 2009), and an incubation period of up to 45 days (WHO, 2009), this could definitely be a pathogen of choice for terrorists. The ease of access to the virus itself from fruit bats, to pigs and to humans, not to mention the transmissibility ease through inhalation and ingestion, makes this the perfect biological weapon. The disease this virus manifests, from flu type symptoms to severe encephalitis, will cause significant fear to the public and will stress healthcare facilities if a large outbreak occurs. This virus also has no known cure as of this date, even though there are developments in that direction. The Nipah virus needs to continue to be monitored and treatment options along with vaccine development needs to be continuous until this threat is diminished. References Biological Warfare. (2009). In Wikipedia. Retrieved December 25, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_warfare Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2001). Japanese Encephalitis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/jencephalitis/qa.htm Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Emergency Preparedness and Response: Bioterrorism; Category C Agents. Retrieved from http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp Center for Infectious Disease Research Policy. (2009). Nipah Virus. Retrieved December 25, 2009, from http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/biosecurity/ag-biosec/anim-disease/nipah.html Cobey, S. (2005). Nipah Virus: Natural History. Retrieved from The Henipavirus Ecology Collaborative Research Group: http://www.henipavirus.org/virus_and_host_info/nipah_virus_natural_history.htm Dr. Jonathan Epstein Returns from Studies of Nipah Virus in Malaysia. (2005). Retrieved from http://www.wildlifetrust.org/news/66-dr_jonathan_epstein_returns_from_studies_of_nipah_virus_in_malaysia Enserink, M. (2004, February 20). Nipah virus (or a cousin) strikes again. Science, 303.5661, 1121. Retrieved from Academic OneFile. Web. 24 Dec. 2009. . Field, H., Young, P., Yob, J. M., Mills, J., Hall, L., Mackenzie, J. (2001). The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses. Microbes and Infection, 3, 307-314. doi: 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01384-3 Fraser, L. (2009, November 16, 2009). Is Hendra and Hipah a threat to US?. Ticker. Retrieved from http://www.theticker.org/about/2.8220/is-hendra-and-nipah-a-threat-to-us-1.2085160 Gurley, E. S., Montgomery, J. M., Hossain, M. J., Bell, M., Azad, A. K., Islam, M. R., Rahim Molla, M. A., Breiman, R. F. (July 2007). Person-toperson transmission of Nipah virus in a Bangladeshi Community. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/13/7/1031.htm Gurley, E. S., Montgomery, J. M., Hossain, M. J., Bell, M., Azad, A. K., Rota, P. A., Lowe, L., Breiman, R. F. (2007). Person-to-person transmission of Nipah Virus in the Banglashi Community. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/eid Halpin, K., Mungall, B. A. (2007). Recent progress in henipavirus research. Science Direct; Com ¶tive Immunology, Microbiology Infectious Diseases, 30, 287-307. Kortepeter, M. G., Parker, G. W. (1999). Potential biological weapons and threats. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol5no4/kortepeter.htm Lam, S. (2002). Nipah virus A potential agent of bioterrorism? (Antiviral research 57). Retrieved from Science Direct: http://www.sciencedirect.com.lib-proxy.jsu.edu/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6T2H-47MJ4XH-3-1_cdi=4919_user=446480_orig=search_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2003_sk=999429998view=cwchp=dGLbVtb-zSkzSmd5=464c2420befda40589fa6aef4b45cc20ie=/sdarticle.pdf Lowrey, C. H. (2010, February 10, 2010). Application of Gene Therapy Strategies to Offensive and Defensive Biowarfare (White Paper). Retrieved from Dartmouth Medical School: http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/ethreats/whitepapers/Lowery.html Medical News Today. (2005). UCLS scientists reveal how Nipah virus infects cells. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/27038.php Pearl, M. C. (2006, September 2006). The potential pandemic youve never heard of. Discover, 27 (9), 26-27. Phillips, M. B. (2005). Bioterrorism: A Brief History. Northeast Florida Medicine, 32-35. Retrieved from www.dcmsonline.org/jax-medicine/2005journals/bioterrorism/bioterrorism_history.pdf Ryan, J. R., Glarum, J. F. (2008). Biosecurity and Bioterrorism. Burlington, MA: Elsevier, Inc.. Wong, K. T., Shieh, W., Abdullah, W., Guarner, J., Goldsmith, C. S., Chua, K. B., Lam, S. K., Zaki, S. R. (2002, December). Nipah virus infection: Pathology and pathogenesis of an emerging paramyxoviral zoonosis. American Journal of Pathology, 161 (6), 2153-2167. doi: Retrieved from World Health Organization. (2009). Chronology of Nipah virus outbreaks. Retrieved from World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/nipah_chronology_en.pdf World Health Organization. (2009). Nipah Virus. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs262/en/ Zoonosis. (2009). In Zoonosis. Retrieved from http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3search=zoonosis

Corporate Control :: essays research papers

Title: Corporate Control Author: Annonymous Rating: 0 Rate this Paper It seems that there is an ever-increasing trend in our society. Big corporations are becoming more and more influential in our lives. As they gain more and more muscle in our government they also invade our schools and many other facets of our lives. Perhaps the most disturbing area of potential influence, however, is corporate control of the media. Can the American media uphold its values of free press under pressure from big corporations? Can they continue to present the absolute truth? The simple answer, especially in my opinion, is no. The movie The Insider provides us with an excellent case to back that point of view. Perhaps one of the biggest stories of this decade has been the tobacco industry. We saw them stand before Congress and tell the world that cigarettes were not addictive. The industry was able to â€Å"lawyer† its way out of trouble time and time again. They essentially used legal maneuvers, and certainly money, to keep the truth from the American people. Fin ally, we saw all that come to an end. When Jeff Wigand decided it was time to tell the truth, he put everything he valued at risk. He stood to loose his family, any chance at a job, and quite possibly his life. He knew all these things and still he went on, because he thought he could make a difference. He knew that his testimony would never be heard in a court of law, so where could he turn. The answer: the fourth and fifth estates, or the press and television. Every night millions of Americans sit down and watch the nightly news or read the paper. We know that we will be told all the days news, that we will be educated about what is happening in the world around us. We also know that we will be updated on issues that we care about as individuals and a society. Another delivery mechanism for information is television magazine shows like 60 Minutes. People know that when Mike Wallace talks to them, they should listen. They can also look at his reputation and know that he is telling the truth. Wigand put faith in that fact. Wigand agreed to do an interview with 60 Minutes because he knew that people would listen. He knew that the absolute truth would finally be out in the open, and that it would come from a source that people would believe.

Animal Farm Political Speech Assignment

I once stood next to all of you, helped and taught you all how to farm, how to read and write. I was very committed back then. I came up with all the different plans that benefited the Animal Farm, such as the windmill. Until a few months later after the rebellion, Napoleon who had always opposed me, got Jealous. So, he chased me out with those bewildered dogs, stole my plans for the windmill, blamed me for everything, and corrupted Minimalism as he took total control ever the farm.Before my expulsion, you all saw me drawing and planning out every detail for the windmill, hoping to help out all the animals by having less work to be done. Then, I was chased out, and I wasn't appreciated for all my hard work that I was devoted in. Instead, Napoleon stole my credits and even called me a thief for stealing â€Å"his† plans and a â€Å"traitor† who was allied with our enemy, Mr.. Jones. How could he come up with such a plan and pretend to oppose it?Let us say that If I reall y did stole the plans, he loud of put me legally on trial, instead of using those untamed dogs to go after me, and almost taken my life. After Napoleon exiled me, I could not even get near the farm since the dogs were alert of me. As for the windmill that night, It was because of a storm. Just think about it, how could it be possible for a pig like me to budge a huge bolder, how could have I even push and destroy it. Just think for a moment for all the details.It took you all and the assistance of Boxer to slowly lift up a stone and you expect me to move it in he dark, and destroy all of your hard work? Come on Comrades! I know you all questioned the truth when you first heard the news. You all had been brainwashed by Squealer, who could persuade and confuse people to believe that black is infect white. After I was gone, Napoleon took hold of all the power, and used it unfairly, corrupting our Minimalism. First, he changed and disobeyed the â€Å"original† Seven Commandments. He broke the rule that stated, † All animals are equal,† He told you al that working on Sunday afternoons â€Å"was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it would have his rations reduced by half. † He seemed to offer a choice, but who would want to go hungry when they do not even have enough food for themselves right now. You all had gone back to those miserable lives under Mr.. Jones. Look closely, you all will realize that the life right now is no different from the previous one, or perhaps, only worse.Napoleon also broke the sixth commandment, which stated â€Å"No animal shall kill another animal†. But see for yourselves, did he really follow this commandment? Although it seems as if he did follow the rules, but he did not go over a process to legally punish animals, instead he used authority and power to kill or execute other animals who oppose them or went against them. Isn't this basically the same as killing other animal? Com rades, take a look closely at all the things that are happening around you all, use your logic and think about the truth.Do you all really think that I am the one who Is going against our Minimalism? You all know how I value our equalities and how I value the treatment we get. It should be the power, authority, and the benefits all for himself. Does he really care for the well being of you all? He only cares how much you contribute to the farm, and how he can exploit you all. You should all trust me and come under my protection. We should all join together and rebel, to once again step back on to the road that leads to our dream society, our Animal Farm that we all longed for.

Jeffrey Dahmer Research Paper Essay

Jeffrey Dahmer was a notorious serial killer in the late 70’s throughout the early 90’s. What made him stand out from most serial killer’s was what he did to the bodies of his victims. During this research paper, I will cover his childhood life, what led to his lifestyle of killing and cannibalism and also the crimes that were committed during his murderous acts. I will also compare what theories relate to Jeffrey Dohmer and what could possibly be the reason why he did what he did. Childhood life Jeffrey Dahmer was born in Milwaukee on May 21, 1960 with two loving parents by the name of Lionel and Joyce Dahmer. He seemed like an ordinary child until the age of six, when he had a minor surgery and also when his mother gave birth to his brother. This is when his self-confidence seemed to be lacking. He started to isolate himself from other people and became very anti-social. He went from an outgoing social child to a loner who was uncommunicative and withdrawn. By his early teenage years, he seemed disengaged, tense and friendless (biography.com). In 1966, the Dahmer family moved to Bath, Ohio where Jeffrey’s insecurities continued to grow and his shyness kept him from making friends. Here is where he became fascinated with animals and started collecting road kill and stripping the animal’s carcasses and saving the bones (crime.about.com/od/serial/a/dahmer.htm). He began dissecting animals near his home in the woods on a regular basis. High School/ Young Adulthood Dahmer continued his anti-social behaviors throughout the start of his years at Revere High School. He maintained average grades and seemed to be a fairly normal teenager. He worked on the school newspaper but also developed a bad drinking problem. He was known as a model student, respectful, polite, and well groomed. Overtime, he became less interested in school and his social life really decreased. In the summer of 1978, Dahmer graduated from high school. His parents divorced just short of his 18th birthday. After high school Dahmer enrolled at Ohio State University and spent most of his time skipping classes and getting drunk. After a couple of semesters, he decided to drop out of college and to return home with his father. After an ultimatum was given to him by his father, he decided to join the Army. He signed up on a six year contract, but after two years he was discharged due to his drunken behaviors (crime.about.com/od/serial/a/dahmer.htm). Murder #1 Dahmer struggled with his own homosexual desires, mixed with his need to fulfill his appalling fantasies. His first murder was that of a hitchhiker he picked up. He was 19 year old Steven Hicks. He invited him to his father’s house in which they had some alcoholic drinks and then engaged in sex. Following their sexual acts, when Hicks was ready to leave, Dahmer bashed him in the head with a barbell and killed him. He cut up his victim’s body and placed it in garbage bags. He buried all Hicks body parts in the neighboring woods surrounding his father’s home. It would be nine years later before committing his second murder. In this particular murder, some of the additional crimes committed against the victim are, false imprisonment and kidnapping. False imprisonment is when someone reasonably believes they are restricted from movement. Steven Hicks voluntarily went with Dahmer to his father’s house. But when Hicks was ready to leave, at the point before Dahmer bashed Hicks in the head, I believe he felt he was restricted to leave at that brief moment before being killed. He is also guilty of kidnapping because Hicks was restricted from leaving by Dahmer before the attack took place. Murder #2 Dahmer’s second murder occurred in September of 1987 when he picked up a 26 year old man by the name of Steven Tuomi at a bar. Dahmer claimed he killed him on impulse and later stated he had no memory of committing this crime. After this particular murder, Dahmer’s murderous rampage begins to occur sporadically. Two murders in 1988, another in 1989 and his method were consistent to picking up his victim’s at gay bars. He had sex with all of his victim’s before and sometimes after killing them. Final Murder/ Arrest In May of 1990, he moved out of his grandmother’s house and into the apartment that later became notorious for his killings. He committed four more murders before the end of 1990 and two more in April of 1991, and another in May of 1991 (answers.com). On May 27, 1991, 14 year old Konerak Sinthasomphone was seen on the street, wandering naked, obviously under the influence of drugs and bleeding heavily. Two females from the neighborhood spotted him and called 911. Dahmer approached and tried to convince the women he was ok and attempted to take the boy away. The women stopped him until police arrived. Dahmer told responding police the Konerak was his 19 year old boyfriend and they had an argument while drinking. The police were convinced of Dahmer’s story and they released the boy back to him against the two women’s will. Later that night, Dahmer killed and dismembered Konerak’s body and kept his skull as a souvenir (answers.com). In this particular murder, Dahmer was also guilty of false imprisonment and kidnapping. The 14 year old boy Konerak was attempting to escape from Dahmer until he convinced the police that everything was ok and proceeded to take the drugged boy back with him. At this point kidnapping took place because Konerak was restricted from leaving when he was taken by Dahmer back to his place. False imprisonment also takes place because Konerak felt he could not leave from Dahmer’s captivity once he got hold of him again. The police in my opinion were guilty of Negligence by not further investigating the incident properly. The legal Definition of Negligence is conduct that falls below the standards of behavior established by law for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm. In the summer of 1991, Dahmer was killing approximately one person per week. Dahmer came up with a theory that he could turn his victim’s into zombies. He attempted to accomplish this by drilling a hole in his victim’s head while their still alive and injecting hydrochloric acid into the frontal lobe area of their brains with a large syringe (answers.com). Surrounding neighbors of Dahmer constantly smelled bad odors coming from his residence. They also heard sounds such as drills or power saws. Final Attempt/ Arrest On July 22, 1991, Dahmer enticed another man into his home in attempt to make him another victim of his sick fantasies. Tracy Edwards was the name of the potential of Dahmer. There was a struggle between Dahmer and Edwards when Dahmer attempted to handcuff his wrist together. Dahmer had him at knife point and forced him into his bedroom. When Edwards saw the pictures of the mangled bodies on the walls and noticed the terrible smell coming from a large blue barrel. He punched Dahmer in the face, kicked him in the stomach, and ran out the door and escaped (Answers.com). He ran down the streets with handcuffs still hanging from one hand and waved down a patrol car. The police were led to Dahmer’s house by Edwards. When police arrived, they saw the photographs of the mangled victim’s bodies and at this time Dahmer was placed under arrest. While investigating, police found a human head in the refrigerator and multiple pictures of severed body parts. Further searching continued and police found three additional severed heads, severed hands, penises, and multiple human remains. This was the breaking point at which the story of Jeffrey Dahmer gained notoriety (Answers.com). This is when the public found out about accusations of his practicing necrophilia and cannibalism. Jeffrey Dahmer was indicted on 17 counts of murder and later reduced to 15. The attempt murder of Edwards was not tried in court. Dahmer’s trial began on January 30, 1992. The evidence against him was so incriminating, Dahmer plead not guilty due to reason of insanity. His trial lasted only 2 weeks and he was found guilty of 15 counts of murder and was sentenced to 15 consecutive life terms. He expressed remorse for his acts and said he wished he was dead. In May of 1992, he was extradited to Ohio, where he pleaded guilty to the murder of his first victim, Stephen Hicks (Answers.com). Dahmer’s Death While Dahmer was serving his time at Columbia Correctional Institution in Portage, Wisconsin, he was attacked on two different occasions by fellow prisoners. The first time was when he was returning from a church service. He survived that attack with superficial injuries. The second attack occurred when he was doing janitorial work in the prison gym, he and another inmate was attacked and severely beaten with a broomstick handle on November 28, 1994 by an inmate, Christopher Scarver. Dahmer died of severe head trauma while on his way to the hospital. Dahmer’s brain was then kept an examined for study purposes. Internal factors Internal factors that could have determined why he was subjective to commit such crime were his anti-social behavior. This behavior leads a person to more likely, lie, steal, assault others, and commit violent acts of crime. Anti-social behavior poses a great risk to a person’s physical and mental health. It also puts a person in a higher risk to use drugs, alcohol, and also very promiscuous behavior. Some external factors that could have subjected him to commit his violent acts were his relationships with the outside world. He felt alone and isolated from the outside world which made him want to have control over it by taking in victims and giving himself power over them. I don’t think there is a specific theory that can pinpoint why Jeffrey Dahmer did what he did. The only theory that I believe fits with his behaviors was the fact that he was anti-social and that’s what leads him in the direction he chose to go in. An anti-social person can lead them to a life of crime and violent behaviors. The behavior of Jeffrey Dahmer did fall in this category and his actions that which a normal person would not do shows his anti-social behavior very likely played a big part in his decisions. Theories are not proven beyond a reasonable doubt but they do make sense to an extent and help lead us in the right direction to understand why people that commit crime do what they do. These theories are vital to learning and understanding because it can help a Criminologists determine why Criminal’s such as Jeffrey Dahmer do what they do. Jeffrey Dahmer seemed to have void inside of him that he needed to fill. He felt empowered and satisfied when he took in his victims killing and mutilating their bodies. He was sane because he planned and knew what he was doing when committing the acts and there was definitely intent. Conclusion Jeffrey Dahmer is one of the most notorious serial killer’s today because of the way he went about his crimes. His victims’ families will be haunted by the actions taken by Dahmer. His actions were very disturbing and he needed to be removed from this earth. He is now dead and gone and people in the surrounding areas where he caused all that pain will no longer have to worry about him. Work Cited www.biography.com/people/jeffrey-dahmer-9264755 www.answers.cm/topic/jeffrey-dahmer