Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay The play Romeo and Juliet composed by William Shakespeare, an English artist, is about illegal love. The play centers around two sweethearts, Romeo and Juliet, whose families are quarreling adversaries. This powers the youthful sweethearts to wed stealthily and sell out their families. In retribution to his companions passing Romeo murders Tybalt who is Juliets cousin (Lord Capulets nephew) and the beneficiary to the Capulet fortune. This squeezes Lord Capulet, Juliets father, to discover a counterpart for his little girl that wont simply wed her for their fortune. At last Romeo and Juliet both end it all in a lamentable end. In Elizabethan occasions family jobs were diverse contrasted and current occasions. It was basic for union with be orchestrated influence or cash and it was inconceivable for a union with occur without the guardians assent. In a family the dad held the force in the family unit a spouse and little girl needed to comply. Children would be the beneficiaries to the family fortunes, assuming any. In Capulets case Juliet was his unparalleled youngster so Tybalt would have been the one that would acquire the cash when Capulet passes on. The reason for this article is to show how Capulet change of state of mind is appeared through the words he employments. Additionally how Juliet and Capulets relationship changes and how this is appeared through Shakespeares utilization of language in act 3 scene 5. In the start of act 3 scene 5 the crowd see Juliet and Romeo part from one another, this makes Juliet upset. When Juliet converses with her mom, woman Capulet, Juliet can't conceal her feelings, and she says aside (just the crowd can hear what Juliet says) God Pardon him! I do, with everything that is in me she is alluding to Romeo and how she excuses him for what he did to her Cousin Tybalt. The crowd are given proof that Juliet is an easy-going individual. Before Capulet enters the scene the crowd get an early impression of him as a dad. Woman Capulet portrays him as a mindful dad. The crowd can tell this when she says thou hast a cautious dad. By Shakespeare utilizing this expression cautious dad the crowd get a quick impression of Capulet being minding towards Juliet and that they have a caring relationship. Not long before Capulet enters the scene Lady Capulet illuminates Juliet that her dad has orchestrated a marriage for Juliet with a youthful and respectable refined man, The County Paris this expected Thursday. Juliet answers defiantly I won't wed at this point. Juliet follows on by saying It will be Romeo. As opposed to Paris. This is a two sided connotation. Woman Capulet believes that she is so plan on not wedding Paris that she would prefer to wed the family foe Romeo who killed her cousin Tybalt. In any case, the explanation that Juliet doesnt need to wed is on the grounds that she is as of now wedded with Romeo. The crowd would now be able to comprehend that she is that much infatuated with Romeo she would oppose her folks. In Elizabethan occasions not accomplishing something as extensive as not wedding whom your folks instruct you to was incredible. When Capulet at long last enters the scene the crowds pressure rise drastically however he doesn't know about his spouses discussion with his girl yet. Juliet is as yet crying fiercely so Capulet says thou counterfeitst a bark, an ocean he is alluding to Juliets body being a pontoon in her very own ocean tears. He additionally says little body alluding to Juliet and how in their relationship he despite everything considers her to be a little youngster, his little kid. Capulet then proceeds to state that in the event that she continues crying like this she will overset, he implies that on the off chance that she doesnt quit crying like this she will self-destruct. Shakespeare decision language doesnt simply mention to the crowd what Capulet implies yet he does it in a fascinating manner, he places it in allegories so the crowd can decipher what he implies voluntarily. Juliet being this vexed and not revealing to her folks whats wrong shows the crowd that she doesn't confide in her folks and that they dont have an open relationship. The crowd don't feel tense now on the grounds that Capulet is quiet. This shows Capulet controls what's going on in front of an audience. Woman Capulet says something that would shock crowds from Elizabethan occasions and present day times. I would the numb-skull were hitched to her grave what woman Capulet implies is essentially that she is so irritated with her defying little girl that she would prefer Juliet were dead. At the point when Lady Capulet reveals to Capulet that Juliet wont do as he says and wont wed Paris his mod of compassion changes into a state of mind of anger. The crowd can obviously feel the strain ascending in front of an audience when Capulet questions Juliet and asks Lady Capulet, How! Will she none? Doth she not give us much appreciated? Is it accurate to say that she is not glad? Doth she not check her fortunate. Capulet is essentially asking in what capacity can she not wed him, dont she say thanks to us for discovering her a commendable man. Job of Society and Honor codes in causing clashes in blood wedding EssayThen when he at long last found an appropriate individual, Juliet wont wed him, I can't adore, I am excessively youthful, says Capulet snidely. Capulet tails us on by saying And you be mine, evil offer you to my companion. Again the crowd see a controlling side of Capulet. Presently their relationship has reached an emotional conclusion, the crowd know this when Capulet says hang, ask, starve, kick the bucket in the avenues. When Capulet at long last leaves the crowd are given the feeling that he isn't only leaving from the room yet leaving from Juliets life. The crowd are given this impression by the language Shakespeare utilizes not long before Capulet exits. Capulet says by my spirit, Ill neer recognize thee. As the greatest wellspring of intensity has left Juliet she presently goes to the second greatest wellspring of intensity, Lady Capulet. She requests that her mom Delay this marriage for a month, seven days. Juliet clearly feels like she needs an ideal opportunity to think. Presently Juliet takes steps to end it all if her mom doesn't support her. The crowd know this when Juliet says on the off chance that you don't, make the marriage bed in that diminish landmark where Tybalt lies. Woman Capulet has a similar reaction as her better half. Talk not to me, for Ill not express a word, this shows Lady Capulets loyalties lie with her better half over her girl. At the point when woman Capulet exits the crowd get a similar impression as when Capulet left, the feeling that she has left from Juliets life. This is appear through Shakespeare decision of language, when Lady Capulet says I have finished with thee. This jargon shows that Lady Capulet is done with Juliet. With both of her folks relinquishing her Juliet presently goes to her trusty Nurse for exhortation, as she is the one in particular that thinks about Romeo and has helped her wed him. This as opposed to what Juliet gets. Medical caretaker concurs with Juliets guardians. She was the one that helped Juliet wed Romeo yet now she is stating that she ought to do what her folks order and wed Paris. The crowd know this through the language Shakespeare employments. Medical attendant thinks about Paris and Romeo, Romeos a dishclout to him. Shakespeares looks at Romeo to being a dishrag contrasted with Paris. Plainly this isn't what Juliet expected and needed to hear. This is appeared through the language Shakespeare use. The crowd know this when Juliet says snidely thou hast helped me brilliant much. Juliet now realizing that she wont get no assistance from Nurse, she arranges her to reveal to her mom that she is going to Friar Lawrence to make an admission. Juliet says the explanation she is going to Friar Lawrence is on the grounds that disappointed my dad. The crowd realize that it was monk Lawrence that married Romeo and Juliet so the crowd may get the feeling that she is going there for another explanation and not for an admission. At the point when Nurse leaves, the crowd get the feeling that Nurse like Capulet and Lady Capulet is leaving Juliets life until the end of time. The crowd get this impression by the language Juliet utilizes before Nurse leaves. Clearly there is a tremendous hole between Elizabethan occasions and the advanced time that we are in. Juliet is about fourteen and it is normal for her to get hitched at this age in Elizabethan occasions, in current occasions this would be unprecedented or potentially illegal in certain nations. Elizabethan occasions the crowd would have likely concurred that Juliet ought to wed Paris since he is rich and ground-breaking however in present day times marriage for the most part happens in light of adoration so they would presumably imagine that Capulet isn't right to drive Juliet to wed Paris. A few pieces of the play the various periods of crowds would respond distinctively a few sections they may respond the equivalent. My own reaction to the scene is compassion. I feel thoughtful towards Juliet in light of the fact that she is experiencing an awful trial and know appears to support her or get her. I likewise feel thoughtful towards Capulet in light of the fact that his nephew has simply passed on and hes been buckling down top discover his little girl a commendable individual and when he at long last discovers one he has had it tossed back in his face. I think the message that Shakespeare and the play he has composed is giving is that battling consistently prompts torment. In the event that there were no battling between the Capulets and the Montagues Tybalt would have not been executed. On the off chance that there were no battling between the Capulets and the Montagues Romeo and Juliet would have presumably had the option to wed with their folks favoring as the two families are of equivalent riches and influence. I think this message is as yet pertinent and will consistently be important regardless of what time ever.

Natural Hair and the Lack of Hair Care Essay

Regular hair has gotten well known among African American ladies, myself notwithstanding, inside the most recent ten years. Finding the hair care items required is practically incomprehensible. There are no ads on standard TV or ads in magazines. In the event that you need to know anything about what items are accessible, the web is your most solid option. With the assistance of Natural Hair bloggers and the YouTube vloggers, who made their channels to share data, ladies with common hair have had the option to get the important data on what items are accessible to them for use. Bloggers and vloggers get items from various organizations, survey them, and afterward share their encounters with others in the common hair network. These littler organizations help the bloggers and vloggers in trusts they give an outstanding audit of their item, which thus, prompts arriving at the clients of their objective market. In the long run the bigger organizations before long considered this to be an approach to present their items also and went with the same pattern. Aces of the Issue The web and online life have opened limited time entryways for little organizations, for example, Sundial’s Shea Moisture Hair Care Line and Mixed Chicks. These are only two organizations who have a market specialty in normal hair care items. By sending tests to bloggers and vloggers, clients with common hair began to ask about their items at the nearby retail locations. Not long after, at first we started to see print promotions in magazines focusing on African American ladies, similar to Essence, Ebony and Jet. As the market began to develop advertisements started showing up in more standard magazines like Woman’s Day, Allure, and in the end standard TV. Advertisements started to air on stations like BET, TV One and Centric, which are outfitted to the African American people group. A significant limited time support for these little organizations came in 2010 and again in 2011as one of the biggest retail chains in the nation, Target, welcomed organizations that were selling stock on line to come and give an introduction on their items, with the conceivably of being gotten available to be purchased in Target stores. Target chose to exhibit six characteristic hair care brands, putting them in unmistakable spots on the walkway and away from other ethnic hair items to permit them to stick out (http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/article/2013-06-20/new companies target). With the achievement common hair care item organizations were having, bigger organizations like L’Orà ©al and Procter and Gamble, who managed the $7 billion U.S. hair care showcase, chose to join the twist pattern. Since they’ve developed a common feeling of personality with their clients, the littler possessed organizations keep on commanding (http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/article/2013-06-20/new businesses target). Cons of the Issue At the point when the significant hair care organizations understood that normal hair for African American ladies was digging in for the long haul they needed a slice of the pie and bounced into the regular hair care showcase. With more cash and bigger publicizing offices, the bigger organizations had the option to recruit promoting firms to deliver first class plugs and print advertisements to for the market. Their promotions were seen on standard TV and in increasingly standard magazines when contrasted with the littler generally dark claimed organizations. As these littler organizations keep on developing, ideally so will their limited time dollars. There is a requirement for additional ads that will be seen by the majority. My Position on the Issue Being of African American good, and furthermore wearing my hair regular, I recollect toward the beginning of my excursion the issue of not having the option to discover items or should I say, the correct items to think about my hair. This took me to the web and YouTube where there are heaps of individuals promotingâ products for common hair care. Items are being utilized and explored for both the littler organizations and a portion of the bigger ones. I couldn't imagine anything better than to see more advancement from the two sizes of organizations on standard fundamental TV. As the regular hair network keeps on developing, the requirement for items will likewise develop. By not promoting over all ranges of advertisement media, organizations are feeling the loss of an entire objective market. I buy a large portion of the things I do, in light of the fact that I either have seen a business or by overhearing people's conversations. Perreault, Cannon and McCarthy (2010) disclose to us that â€Å"Promotion is conveying data between the vender and potential purchaser or others in the channel to impact perspectives and behavior.† References Dwoskin, E. (2013, June 20). Yale and Evin Bloomberg | Violin | Home. Recovered from http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/article/2013-06-20/new businesses target Perreault, Jr., W. D., Cannon, J. P., and McCarthy, E. J. (2010). Advancement Introduction to Integrated Marketing Communications. In Essentials of Marketing (twelfth ed., p. 322). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

SIPA Offices Which Office Is Responsible For What Service COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Offices Which Office Is Responsible For What Service COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA has a host of resources available for its students. However, sometimes a SIPA student will run into trouble tracking down which office he or she is looking for. We have made this process a little easier with the list below, which outlines each office and what its function is. Dean’s Office: Located on the 14th floor of IAB, SIPA’s Dean’s Office is the hub for all key internal and external SIPA endeavors.   Office of Career Services (OCS):   Everyone comes to SIPA to either enhance his or her career or jump start a new one. Therefore, it is critical that new students acquaint themselves with the Office of Career Services (OCS), located on the 4th floor of the IAB in room 420. OCS provides career counseling, resources, and general guidance to students during their internship and job searches. Stop by and see  Meg Heenehan, the executive director of SIPA’s career services, or a member of her staff for sage counsel on your next strategic career move. Communications External Affairs Office: The Communications and External Affairs Office, or the CXR unit, is responsible for building and maintaining SIPA’s brand. The office manages high-level events, print publications, in addition to  the school website, newsletters, videos, advertising, market research, official communications, and alumni relations (including events, programs, governance, and communications). If you’re enjoying SIPA’s new spiffy, easy-to-use website, you can thank the CXR unit. Alumni Affairs Office: Within a two-year time span, every current SIPA student will become an alumnus of these hallowed IAB halls. After donning their light blue robes and receiving their diplomas, former students will have the pleasure of staying in contact with the school primarily through the Alumni Affairs Office. The office’s primary role is to build and manage relationships with SIPA alumni and bridge the gap between current students and their alumni counterparts. There is also a great student/alumni mentoring program through this office that all current students should look into. Office of Academic Affairs: Love your adjunct professor? Think that SIPA’s core curriculum is awesome? You have the Office of Academic Affairs to thank. This Office is responsible for all things related to SIPA’s curriculum development, faculty recruitment, concentration and specialization structuring, and a host of other details pertaining to students’ academic experiences. The beloved capstone projects are products of the Office of Academic Affairs. Information Technology (SIPAIT):   SIPAIT serves as a resource to, and provides support for students, staff and faculty. Network Security and Systems teams are responsible for research, deployment, and support of new technologies within the SIPA environment. MySIPA Citrix Portal is the gateway for students to access applications and data on the SIPA network remotely. Each user is issued a SIPA Network ID by the network group for use during the term s/he is registered at SIPA. Software related troubleshooting is done by the Student Services group. The student labs and computing support for faculty and staff is provided by the Systems team. The Audio Visual team (SIPA AV) provides support for the SIPA electronic classrooms (E-rooms), self-service classrooms and events. The IT operation manages the student labs open 7 days a week during the academic year and support student services. Office of Student Affairs (OSA): Serving the largest and most diverse student population of International and Public Affairs schools, the Office of Student Affairs at SIPA provides programs and services that enhance the student experience in and out of the classroom. We do this through our orientation of new students, academic advising and registration services, student life programming, and degree certification and graduation exercises. From orientation through graduation, we are committed to guiding our students through any academic or personal challenges relating to their tenure at SIPA. And last but not least…. Admissions Financial Aid:  All students begin their SIPA journeys through the admissions office; the staff here is responsible for reviewing all applications and discerning which prospective candidates would be the best fit for the school. Each Admissions counselor that you meet with will discuss your past experience, your current circumstances and most importantly, what you want to do after SIPA. I suggest that you review the website to learn about the programs, curriculum and are familiar with the admissions information before calling or visiting so you have the opportunity to ask more specific questions that pertain to you. However, we are more than happy to provide the information and give recommendations for further research. Once you’ve been through the admissions process, have been accepted and have chosen to enroll, you can still stop by the Admissions and Financial Aid office if you have questions about paying for SIPA. Three (wonderful) financial aid officers are available to meet with students about their personal payment plans and scholarship opportunities, both through the school and through outside funding. It’s important to note that all student billing and payments are through the Student Financial Services office in Kent Hall and NOT through SIPA’s Financial Aid office.

Spending Habits - 940 Words

Spending Habits of People: A Good or Bad Thing Bibek Multani Kaplan University Demographics Based on the demographics of people, African Americans usually have 2 shopping carts with canned goods, readymade dinner meals (microwavable), ice cream, frozen pizza, etc. I think the reason for this is because African Americans may not be living the American lifestyle. Every time I go to Wal-Mart I see African Americans like how I described above. For the Latino, families there are a lot of corn chips with salsa, and beans, tacos, etc. Other Demographics include age, and the only people I see at Wal-Mart are college boy and girls shopping, mostly for hot pockets and frozen pizza. Not a lot in the cart except for that much (I think it†¦show more content†¦However, this does not mean it is good for the people and for the planet in fact it might have the opposite effect people want it to have. And most importantly there is another â€Å"America† that people speak of: it is called â€Å"pioneers of organic and permaculture food production†. The goo d news is that other people around the world are listening in on this other â€Å"America†. For example, in China there are people who do not believe the country’s economy should be this way, so they are looking towards new models. One example of a new model is, â€Å"booming new rural reconstruction movement†, this movement integrates features of the old Chinese traditions and lifestyle and communities. This movement can have people working together towards a goal of bettering our economy. Reference Curch M. Lisa (2006). Shopper s Paradise Lost: Shopping by Elderly Adults in the Age of Big Box Businesses. Retrieved from http://www.oneonta.edu/academics/ssr/PDF/Elderly%20Shopping.pdf Hartman Group (2008). Understanding Consumer Culture. Retrieved from http://www.hartman- group.com/hartbeat/understanding-consumer-culture MPG. Marketing hard Times. Retrieved from http://www.marketingpsychology.com/article16hardtimes.htm Wen, J. Dale (2008). A Potential Ally in Fighting Consumerism. Retrieved fromShow MoreRelatedHow Budgeting And Spending Habits1670 Words   |  7 Pageswant to stick their head in the sand but to plan short and long term goals so that he or she is prepared for an unplanned expense or retirement. This paper discusses budgeting and spending habits, loans and borrowing, insurance, stock and mutual fund investments, and retirement planning. Budgeting and spending habits require knowledge. 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Essay How Do Parents Influence Child Development - 1680 Words

How do parents influence child development? Parents play a significant role in influencing their child’s development. Were you ever curious why you act the way you do? Why did you turn out the way you did? There are many factors that affect a child’s development. One being the attachment the child received during infancy, whether the child had a secure or unsecured bond with their parent. The second element is the types of parenting styles used while the child was developing. There are three components: authoritarian, permissive and authoritative. These two factors affect the child’s behavior. Parents influence their child’s development by the nature of attachment given during infancy; parenting styles used thus affecting their behavior.†¦show more content†¦Jennifer Neal and Donna Frick-Horbury writers from CBS interactive business network state â€Å"Children of permissive parents have low self-control and self-reliance, and are extremely immature while ambivalently attached children are described as anxious, immature, and show little initiative†. Authoritative parents are both demanding and responsive. They establish rules and enforcing them, but also explain the reasons for the rules. . Authoritative parenting encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions. (Myers) Children with the highest self-esteem, self-reliance, and social competence have authoritative parents. Have you ever heard the phrase â€Å"Children are like sponges?† It is essential to set the right examples for children. 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People might argue that genetics are more important in determining how high the child will be able to jump. While others might argue that jumping is mainly determined by how you teach and train a child to jump. This is an example of the nature versus nurture debate. Although genes may play a role in developing a child’s skills. This paper

Letter to admissions Free Essays

I would like to explain discrepancies that may have caught your attention on my application: my low grades during my first year of college.   At a young age I was diagnosed with a learning disability.   All throughout my early education I was provided special education. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter to admissions or any similar topic only for you Order Now    This included being in a class room setting and separated from the general group of students.   This setting always made me feel different and not as smart as the other children. I must admit that I began to hate the stigma and teasing from other students associated with special education.   Upon entering college, I felt it was time to put that part of my life behind, and be a â€Å"normal student†.   My parents insisted that I let my college know of my learning disability; reluctantly, I decided to do so. However, I didn’t take advantage of the resources available to students like myself.   During my first year of college, my ignorance took a toll on my grades, because I didn’t use the resources available to me from the Learning disability service, my grades suffered tremendously. Deep down I knew why, and took it upon my self, to put behind my fears and not be ashamed of my disability.   During my second year of college, I began to use the resources that were made available to me such as the extra time during my exams and tutoring.   Once I did this, my grades began to improve, and my counselors helped me pick my classes so I would not be overwhelmed. I began to organize my time more efficiently as well.   If I have the chance to attend University at Buffalo, I will utilize services the Learning Disability offices, to the fullest. I no longer feel ashamed and realize that I just learn differently from others and because of that it doesn’t make less of student. I would also like to state that I have come to a point in life that many people have not.   I have made a firm decision to recommit myself to pursuing my dreams.   While there are those who believe that with an ounce of luck and a ton of persistence anything can be accomplished, I believe that there is no reason to expend so much energy and rely on luck.   I believe in taking hold of my destiny and carving out a future for myself based on the decisions that I make in life.   Life is simply too short and too precious to be left to luck alone. While I personally believe that â€Å"there is no such thing as a free lunch† and that everything a person has in life must come from hard work and perseverance, I also believe in charity.   I believe in helping others who do not have much in life.   I believe in helping people regardless of their nation, race or creed.   I believe in being a better person so I can best help myself and others around me.   I believe that (Insert Name of University) is the best place for me to turn these beliefs into realities. Related essay: â€Å"Co Curricular Activities Letter† How to cite Letter to admissions, Essays

Addiction Essay Example For Students

Addiction Essay Addiction: Its A Neurological DisorderAddiction is a neurologically based disease. For many years recovery specialists have compared alcoholism or addictions to a physical disease: like diabetes. In reality addictions are more closely related to a neurological disorder like Tourettes Syndrome* than they are to diabetes. If the problems you suffer stem from severe alcoholism or addiction, you must accept that these problems are not primarily mental or free will issues. Addictions are not about will power. The problems facing addicts, alcoholics, and their families are miserable, disgusting, and infuriating. They are often hopelessly discouraging. But to imagine that an addict could change if he wanted to is a serious misunderstanding of the long term dynamic of addictive disorder. The fact is precisely that an addict cannot change in the long run even if he wants to! That is the definition of addiction: the loss of control over the use of a substance. It is important to understand that this loss of control is manifested not in terms of days or weeks, but in longer term behaviors: terms of months and years. The reason addicts have lost control is because they have suffered permanent physical neurological changes based in their brains and nervous systems. The disorder manifests in long term obsessive-compulsive behaviors outside the realm of the addicts own control. It is true enough that the use of chemicals begins with chosen behavior. But if alcoholism or addiction develops, the problem has moved outside the realm of free choice. It has developed into a long term mental and physical neurological disorder. All the emotional feelings involved in drug or alcohol seeking are based in neurology. Addiction is based in physical dependency created by altered neurotransmitter balances, and driven by millions upon millions of new living, functioning active neurological pathways which have been established to sustain the condition in the addicts brain. The new neurological pathways are permanently established, and they will not just disappear. The primary neurological disorder is only complicated by physical dependence on the substances. The physical dependence on the substances is secondary! Physical drug withdrawal does not change the underlying neurological addictive disorder. After drug withdrawal, long term overpowering cravings are predictable. These cravings are, in reality, spontaneous nerve impulses. Even in the longer term, overwhelming cravings are outside the addicts control. Example of a Nerve PathwayIt is difficult for people to grasp the meaning of a nerve pathway, or why this is related to addiction. Often when people hear a new idea like: an addictive impulse is the result of a nerve impulse they are left unsympathetic. Addicts and non addicts alike have a hard time believing that drug or alcohol use is anything more than a choice that is made in response to a habit. Deep down inside, most people believe that at its root the behavior is always a choice. They are very, very wrong. This author was stuck in addiction for over a decade, so completely was he convinced that the mind was an immaterial spiritual power and that to call alcoholism or addiction a disease was a cop-out for the weak-willed. This author believed that each and every time free choice was at the root of addictive behavior. Until one day, in another recovery facility the author stumbled upon the concept of neuro-pathways by reading a book called The Training of the Will by a Jesuit priest. That book was written in the early 1900s. Even then, the Jesuits knew that the root of almost all behavior was based not in free will but in neurological wiring. For the Jesuits, training the will essentially consists in training the body. After reading that book, this author began to understand that while his mind his intellect was indeed an immaterial power, the overwhelming cravings for drugs or alcohol were based in his body. He came to believe that addiction really was a neurological disease. Consider the following: Most people can not wiggle their ears. The wiggling of the ears is really nothing but flexing the muscles of the scalp above the ears. The reason most people can not wiggle their ears is because they are not familiar with the neurological pathway which controls the muscle of the scalp above their ears. However, without exception, every person in the world can be trained to wiggle their ears. Simply by applying electrodes to the muscles of the scalp above the ears causes the muscles to flex, or spasm. Once the person feels where these muscles are, he finds that in fact he CAN wiggle his ears. The only reason he could wiggle his ears before, was because he had not established the neurological pathway which enabled him to do so. Like turning on a switch a neurological pathway can be established simply by passing a charge of electrical current into the nerves of the body. Once a person has learned to wiggle his ears he might actually do it spontaneously and unintentionally just because the words are mentioned. This example is intended to illustrate how a simple neurological pathway is established. Before the electrode there was no neurological pathway. After the electrode the pathway has been established. The addictive neurological response to drugs and alcohol on the brain is infinitely more complex than this, but the physical basis is the same. The overwhelming craving for drugs or alcohol that endlessly defeats addicts is in reality a neurological impulse and they have absolutely no control over the craving when it is triggered. All they know is that they want, they need, they feel they MUST have the drug. This desire, this craving is not a free choice. This desire is an electro-chemical neurological brain impulse. A person who suffers from these cravings to the detriment of his own life, and the lives of others, is suffering from a physical, neurological disease termed addictive disorder. Recovery from AddictionWithdrawing from physical dependence on the drug does not change the fundamental addictive disorder. The Development and Control of Chemical and Biolog Essay But, a radical dependency shift must be effected within the addicts own heart and mind. He must psychologically shift away from relying on the validity of his own thought process about his addiction! To effectively re-wire his disordered nervous system, he must come to rely fiercely and absolutely upon the directions provided from an external support system. By mentally changing what he relies upon, his nervous system undergoes a profound change. Consider this example: Two new people attend a support meeting. (Its not the type of meeting, or support group, that is important.) The first person thinks to himself: I dont want to be here. These people are unattractive. The thought of having to associate with them forever disgusts me. He is now depending upon the validity of his own internal thought process. He drives away, and continues to try to stay clean on his own, and to continue to depend on the validity of his own thought process. Then he has sorrowful trouble in his relationships, which break his heart. He fails to succeed as he thinks he ought to, which breaks his heart. Something bad happens, or something good happens, (it doesnt matter), and he thinks to himself: I cant deal with sobriety right now! (This is the person depending upon the validity of his own thought process.) His addictive impulse is triggered. In a matter of time the strong cravings (neurological impulses) overwhelm him and he begins to use again. Now, consider the second person who attends the support meeting. He also thinks to himself: I dont want to be here. These people are unattractive. The thought of having to associate with them forever disgusts me. But, this person says OUT LOUD to the group: I dont want to be here! You people seem unattractive! The thought of having to associate with you disgusts me! And the whole group, with one voice says to him in reply: Thats how you are supposed to feel! Thats OK! You should feel that way! Youre new! This is new! We are unattractive! The thought of associating with us should disgust you! Its OK to feel that way. But, from now on you must become willing to take directions! You must become willing to listen to us! You can NOT be in control of your own addiction anymore! You must let go absolutely, and no longer depend upon your own devices, or you will never recover from your addiction! THIS PERSON ACCEPTS WHAT THEY SAY! He is willing to shift his internal dependency away from relying on himself for recovery. This begins to re-wire his neurology. His nervous system learns new responses to old stimuli. Then: he too has trouble in his relationships, which break his heart. He fails to succeed as he thinks he ought to, and this breaks his heart. He also thinks to himself: I cant deal with sobriety right now. BUT HE IS UNDER ORDERS! His habits kick in! He calls for support! The support system says with one voice: feeling bad IS ok .. . but using is NOT OK! You cant do that. You will not do that! You would be better to drive up right now to the local mental institution and check yourself in .. .. because what you are thinking about doing right now is sheer insanity! Because he has now shifted his dependency, and he no longer relies upon the validity of his own thought process, he obeys! He takes directions! The re-wiring of the dependency shift has taken hold: and he stays clean! He has established new neurological pathways and is able to stand fast through the critical moments. He has has effected the necessary dependency shift! His formerly disordered neurological system has become re-wired. When he is triggered, he automatically goes to the support system, even if it IS the local mental hospital, but he stays clean. Through a total dependency shift, he is soon permanently relieved of the obsession to use the chemicals. He recovers! Effecting this necessary dependency shift is most easily done through submission to programs like Alcoholics Anonymous. Any unwillingness to completely accept the directives of a support program just as it is presented, is just a continuation of the addictive disorder. Sadly, anyone who is special or who doesnt need to comply with a support program, (just as it is presented), will permanently suffer the misery of addiction. There can be NO permanent relief for anyone who cannot effect the requisite dependency shift. This is only happens when they stop depending on themselves to manage their own sobriety and they become fiercely willing to take directions. They must rely on the external support system more than they used to rely on the external chemical. For many, the 12 Step programs have been the best answer to addiction. In this authors opinion, it really is God who gets miserable alcoholics and addicts clean anyway. Though human beings have physical bodies, and live in a material world: the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. Human beings may be a complex mass of neurological pathways: but we are persons not rats! We may be deeply frustrated, or disappointed, or wounded. Though we may suffer terribly, we do have an infinite capacity to heal, to achieve, to love and be loved, to create and to contribute! No one deserves the misery of addiction. There is one who has all power, that one is God: may you find Him now! This article may be paraphrased, or referenced in the public domain, provided that the following reference is provided: Internet article: Addiction as Disease by David R. Hughes, 1997. URL http://www.medical-online.com/addict.htm

The Scarlet Letter Dimmesdale Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter Dimmesdale Analysis Essay Character Analysis : DimmesdaleDimmesdale is one of the most intriguing characters in The Scarlet Letter. I think this because he demonstrates in this story that he is a coward, and that he is strong, yet not courageous. Dimmesdale proves that he is a cowardice individual many times in The Scarlet Letter. He does this by not admitting his sin. Dimmesdale had many opportunities to admit his sin and get the guilt off his chest. The first opportunity was when Dimmesdale was making his speech in front of an audience. He tried to tell the truth but more lies just came out. The second opportunity that Dimmesdale had to confess his sin was when he was living with Chillingworth, and Chillingworth told Dimmesdale to confess what was troubling him and again, Dimmesdale refused to confess. Finally, the third time that Dimmesdale had a great opportunity to confess himself was at the end of the story during the festival on the scaffold. Standing there with Hester and Pearl, Dimmesdale was still too much of a coward to admit his sin and release the anguish from his burning chest. Another way in which Dimmesdale showed that he was a cowardice person is by not confronting Chillingworth. Chillingworth was plotting re venge on Dimmesdale for an extremely long time. In fact, Chillingworths life was devoted to getting revenge on Dimmesdale. Being told by Hester, Dimmesdale still did not confront Chillingworth. Throughout the book, Dimmesdale was an extreme coward. We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Letter Dimmesdale Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Dimmesdales actions in this story where not courageous, but strong. For roughly seven years, this man had to live with extreme guilt. Dimmesdale had many reasons to feel guilty. First of all he let Hester be labeled an adulteress, while he just looked on. Lastly, Dimmesdale felt guilty because he had not raised Pearl as his own. Dimmesdale showed this by being exceptionally affectionate the few times that he was around Pearl. An example of Dimmesdale showing affection towards Pearl is while in the forest, Dimmesdale softly kisses Pearl on the brow. Another action of Dimmesdales that proves that he is strong but not courageous, is that Dimmesdale shows extreme self-restraint. Dimmesdale had to converse with Hester in public. Dimmesdale did not let one clue slip that he had been with Hester and that he was the father of little Pearl. Also, in the book, it states that Dimmesdale showed nervous sensibility and a vast power of self restrain. While self-restraint gives Dimmesdale strength, it is also his biggest flaw. Overall, Dimmesdale is a good person. He is just lacking the ability to be courageous enough to admit his sin to the world. Although he was strong, it ended up being his demise.

Application of Management Theories

Application of Management Theories Abstract Most successful corporations have applied either employee empowerment theory or the penetration pricing theory. A combination of both theories might also enhance market performance of any given corporation. However, empowerment theory facilitates a culture of employees’ contribution by allowing them to participate and contribute to the decision making processes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Application of Management Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The application of this theory enables an organization to discover the full synergy and power of its employees as regards to problem detection, solving alongside better service deliveries. In contrast, the penetration pricing theory might help a company to evade market competition. It can be applied when a company wants to operate at the least cost possible while setting the lowest product prices. Introduction Various theories have been applied during decision making processes. The memo however highlights the applications of the employee empowerment and penetration pricing theories as noted in human resource and marketing areas respectively. Moving towards workforce empowerment culture Workforce empowerment turned out to be a corporate catchphrase in early nineties and the corporate press accord deemed it to be a noble thing. During this periods, the customary view saw workforces as replaceable objects in corporations, individuals who ought to be well trained to execute well defined and narrow tasks as well as people who should be constantly supervised and watched every time (Rehkopf, 2009). With the advent of employees’ empowerment culture, there has been the necessitation that even the sophisticated and more educated employees have the urge of contributing in their workplaces and to the employers. Basically, employees’ empowerment in simple term implies the full-fledged cronies in pursuit of high quality le vels and better services. Empowered employees are always encouraged to make decisions, think and take personal actions on the basis of the defined corporate guidelines (Rehkopf, 2009). The organizational management must thus recognize employee abilities and offer the requisite authority and tools which enables them to incessantly advance their performances. The management is charged with responsibility of stating its expectations as regards to the recognition and solving of the problems through empowering the employees to so.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A practical example of empowerment Very few corporations truly embrace the employees’ empowerment concept. In fact, corporations that adopt this concept have realized the massive synergy and power which could be released when workforces are allowed to fully participate in the assumed operations. A practic al example where the concept of employees’ empowerment culture was widely embraced is Ritz-Carlton Hotel. Instead of marginalizing its employees by failing to listen to them and refusing to have them contribute in the hotel decision making processes, Ritz-Carlton Hotel does exactly the opposite. Employee empowerment is not merely used in guests’ satisfaction, but it is rather intended to crown them imaginary services (Hardina, 2007). Every employee at Ritz-Carlton Hotel has a chance to contribute to the decision making process and they have the mandate from the leaders to act accordingly. How the employee empowerment concept bring about specific actions Initially, Ritz-Carlton Hotel did not engage its workforce in the continual process improvement and in the development of work processes. It was thus very difficult to gauge how the indispensable service deliveries to partners could be made. There was equally laxity and non-commitment on the side of employees as regards to service deliveries and goal attainments. The morale and motivation in the institution was extremely low while the employees were less energized by failure to involve them in the decision making processes. The employees thus felt like they were not recognized and neither were they deemed part of the organization. Thus, they lacked the full sense of entrepreneurial commitment (Rehkopf, 2009). The theory of employee empowerment necessitates that each employee within the organization must totally sense the commitment of the organization to such an empowerment. Merely saying that the workforce is empowered is actually not real. In fact, the management and all leaders found at different levels ought to act by shunning the mere talks. This theory requires that the management ought to realize that workforce empowerment is not like the magical gifts that workers receive from the management. The leaders have the responsibility of establishing a pivotal atmosphere and environment where the workforce feels the real empowerment (Ryan, 1998). They should have a feeling that they are emboldened in the decision making process and must be aware of the management backing and support. Results achieved by practicing employee empowerment theory After the theory was implemented at Ritz-Carlton Hotel, the employees unleashed their full potentials as regards to service delivery and consequently participated in all the entrepreneurial operations. They aided the hotel management in detecting and solving the emerging problems besides providing guests with legendary services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Application of Management Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The employees felt like they had greater stakes in the hotel and fully remained loyal and accountable to their assumed tasks. Indeed, they equated their respective triumphs and purpose with those of the hotel. There were sky-high morale and motiva tions in the hotel devoid of sporadic campaigns and gimmicks by the management (Rehkopf, 2009). The employees were passionate about fellow workers and service deliveries to guests. What I could have done differently As a practicing manager, I could have aspired to know the employees by their names, share my time with them, treat them like adults and personally look for their welfare. Most important, I could have shared with them my visions and goals for the hotel by thoroughly and frequently communicating with them. Information and guidelines for empowered behaviors could also have been made available to each worker. Workers who attain beyond expectations could have been rewarded while any emanating member issues could have been instantly resolved. Thus, the employees could have been made and parcel of the hotel. Another theory that could be used in decision making is the self-determination theory. Based on this theory, workers have both external and internal perceived locus of loca lity which makes them feel that any force initiates and sustains their actions. Such forces might in turn cause motivation. Penetration pricing theory This concept has been widely employed by most new market entrants when they aim at winning clients and consequently garnering larger market shares from their competitions. The theory derives from the demand price responsiveness by assuming that clients will always move to the novel brands and products whose prices are seemingly low. The assumption is that provided brand loyalty has been developed, then the set prices might be raised progressively to attain the dominant market price. In case prices are low, then the preliminary goodwill will be generated and hence companies will be capable of holding unto their clients besides gaining other positively referred customers (Baker, 2006). A practical application of penetration pricing There are numerous issues that are addressed via applying this theory. As reported in the media, this theo ry has been extensively applied by Wal-Mart Corporation. The company believed that when higher prices are charged on commodities, market competitors will eventually outperform it by reducing their prices. Since identifiable and distinct prices segment are inexistent in the market while price elastic demand are exhibited, larger products market will permit competition take place. Prices will eventually reduce thus permitting subsequent price hikes which will operationally offset the preliminary low prices (Hardina, 2007). Wal-Mart applied this theory by setting low prices to help its clients save money and live better lives. The company did this by offering pleasant shopping experience, guaranteeing satisfaction, setting the least possible prices, providing knowledgeable experience and a variety of quality products. It was as a result of price antagonism and market competition that Wal-Mart opted to adopt this theory.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How penetration pricing concept bring about specific actions The theory of penetration pricing helps customers to recognize each other. Any company that draws on penetration pricing stands a better chance of countering the competitors’ actions and has exceptional positioning strategies. For instance, Wal-Mart applied this theory in its business operations and the corporation has had the chance to utilize economies of scale. Economies of scale in turn helped the company to produce numerous goods at the least cost possible. The end result is a reduction on the charged prices, avoidance of market competition and becoming a market leader (Winninger, 1994). Results achieved by employing penetration pricing theory When Wal-Mart applied this concept, it created a positive impression which made clients to believe that the corporation truly provides the lowest priced products. The created image overshadowed various clients’ expectations by creating a price loop. The company eff ectively applied penetration pricing to an extent that clients deemed it an imperative factor when making their product choices (Hardina, 2007). Therefore, while the suppliers assume low pricing strategies, the company offers better prices to ensure low sourcing costs. What I could have done differently Given that Wal-Mart employees and suppliers show their ill-treatment grievances at the company, the company is in the verge of being negatively portrayed. However, to make all market participants’ and employees happy, I could have offered the clients’ quantity and product loyalty discounts. The cost of production could have been reduced via economies of scale which in turn could have allowed the setting of low prices. Conclusion Employee empowerment can be applied to ensure performance improvement. It is considered as an important element for managers who are in quest for outstanding services. Any effort put towards employees’ empowerment could possibly give resu lts beyond expectations. Conversely, any company that applies the penetration pricing theory stands a better chance of making its products to be recognized by the clients. The theory helps in creating a positive brand image in the minds of clients. References Baker, R. J. (2006). Pricing on purpose: Creating and capturing value. Sudbury, MA: John Wiley and Sons. Hardina, D. (2007). An empowering approach to managing social service organizations. Florence, KY: Springer Publishing Company. Rehkopf, E. (2009). Club resources international: Making employee empowerment a reality at your club. Retrieved from clubresourcesinternational.com/media/8651/employee%20empowerment.pdf Ryan, J. (1998). Giving people the chance to sparkle. Journal of People Management, 1(13), 40-42. Winninger, T. J. (1994). Price wars: How to win the battle for your customer. Ontario, CA: St. Thomas Press.

Examination of competitive intelligence as it relates to a specific Essay

Examination of competitive intelligence as it relates to a specific e-businessPC World) - Essay Example This paper seeks to use the porters five forces theory to explain the competitor analysis. PC World is known as the largest retail computer superstores located in United Kingdom. PC World was established in 1991. Later In 1993, the company merged with Currys PC World. The company is headquartered at Hemel Hempstead in United Kingdom. In 2005, the number of the employees was approximated to be 5,528. The company has a slogan that brings individuals together in the term of technology â€Å"we start with you†. PC World began to expand and made acquisitions of DN computer services, Byte computers stores limited and micro ware house in 1996, 1998 and 2004 respectively. PC World in 2006 started to link itself with homes and started home entertainments and installation services. The business reported a loss of $29.8 million in 2008 but in 2007 it had a profit worth $52.4 million. Currently, the company operates in United Kingdom and Ireland. This is after some stores were closed, for example, in 2009 Sweden stores were closed and in 2011 Spanish stores were also closed. L ater in Italy they were closed making the company to operate in United Kingdom and Ireland only. One of the major competitors of PC World is Dixons Retail that is located in United Kingdom. The company has different stores that are approximated to be 530 in UK and Ireland. Additionally other outlets are operational in northern Europe with the number standing at 322 stores. Dixons Retail have specialized in market technology, for example, electronic products, audio –video machines personal computers, photographic machines, installation and repair, mobile services among others. Dixons Retail was founded in 1937 and is the major competitor of PC World since they sell the same brands though Dixons have specialized in market. Comparing with PC world, Dixons Retail operate in UK and Ireland where 530 stores are operational with a market share of 40%. For

Effect of cold stress on photosynthesis in barley Essay

Effect of cold stress on photosynthesis in barley - Essay Example Consequently, it may be referred to as the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy and stored in sugar bonds in green plants. Basic photosynthetic knowledge notes that green plants breath in carbon dioxide during the day and combines the said molecules to those of water molecules especially hydrogen in the synthesis of nutrients. Consequently, in green plants, photosynthesis involves the use of the chlorophyll green pigment that is found in the leaves or stems of such plants. As resultant by-product for the photosynthesis process is usually oxygen. In this context, plants are usually termed as essential purifiers of air. However, since photosynthesis is a process that takes place in the presence of sunlight, it does not occur during the night (Eaton-Rye, Baishnab & Thomas 66). As such, plants take in oxygen during the night and release carbon dioxide. As a topic, the study of photosynthesis is particularly of interest to farmers and scientists. Factors that ma y affect the rate of photosynthesis Basically, there are three main factors that are known to have an effect on the rate of photosynthesis. They include: i. Light intensity ii. Carbon dioxide iii. Temperature In this discussion, I will illustrate how each affects the rate of photosynthesis. i. ... From this graph, it is evident that there is a significant increase in rate of photosynthesis between point A and B. however, after point B, the rate begins to decline and later becomes constant up to point C. Within these two points (B and C), there is no effect on photosynthesis rate even with an increase in the intensity of light. Consequently, too much light intensity may damage the chloroplast of leaves: hence, the strategic arrangement of leaves in a plant without any overlaps (Kalman 25). ii. Carbon dioxide: The rate of photosynthesis linearly increases with an increase in the concentration amount of carbon dioxide available to a plant. Scientifically, the earth is composed of a varying carbon dioxide amount of between 0.03% and 0.04%. Therefore, a high concentration of it will lead to higher photosynthetic rates. However, this increase is up to a particular point, from which it begins to decline and ultimately becomes constant. This is as shown in the graph below. In this gra ph, points A to B indicate an increase in rate of photosynthesis, while points B to C indicate the decline and constant level of the same. iii. Temperature: With this factor, the higher the rate of temperature the greater will be the photosynthesis rate. Since photosynthesis is a chemical process, its rate will increase with higher temperatures as most of the other chemical process. However, the increase in temperatures beyond 400C, will lead to the rate of photosynthesis beginning to decline or slow down. The reason for this is that enzymes responsible for photosynthetic chemical process are sensitive to temperatures hence, destroyed at high/extreme temperatures levels. Consequently, it should be

Contemporary Business Environment

Contemporary Business Environment 1. Introduction The contemporary business environment is extremely competitive and hence coping with such pressures calls for modern marketing which can go beyond developing a good product, pricing it attractively and making it accessible. Communicating with the present and potential stakeholders and the general public is no longer a matter of luxury but competitive necessity. Marketing gurus like Kotler and Keller (2006) believe that every company is inevitably cast into a role of a communicator and promoter. However, the main concern in the age of technology is not how to communicate but rather what to say, to whom and how often (Kotler and Keller, 2006). This is where marketing communications strategy comes into picture. This report will attempt to comparative analysis of Marketing Communications strategies and mix for the Cola drinks in the UK. Prior to diving into the crux of the report it is essential to have a understanding of the modes of communication which are generally included in the communication mix to form a communication strategy. Most of the experts entail five major modes of communication vis-à  -vis Advertising, Sales promotion, Public relations and publicity, personal selling, Direct and interactive marketing (Fill, 2006). Advertising: Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor (Kotler and Keller, 2006). Sales Promotion: Activities included under sales promotion can be described as a variety of short-term incentives to encourage trial or purchase of a product or service (Kotler and Keller, 2006). Public Relations and Publicity: These are a set of communication programs designed to promote and protect the companys image or its individual product (Kotler and Keller, 2006).. Personal selling: These include all face-to-face interactions with one or more prospective purchases with an aim of making presentations, answering questions and procuring orders (Kotler and Keller, 2006).. Direct and interactive marketing: This is a product of the technology revolution and includes the use of e-mail, post, telephone, fax or internet to communicate directly with or solicit response or dialogue from specific customers and prospect (Kotler and Keller, 2006). Keeping the above descriptions in mind an analysis of the communications strategy employed by the lead players in the soft-drink market can be attempted. However, any comprehensive analysis would need to follow a specific blue-print to lend credibility to the conclusions drawn as a result of the analysis. The next section would provide a brief overview of the methodology employed by the author. 2. Research Methods The methodology is a plan for collecting, organising and integrating collected data so that an end result can be reached (White, 2002). In order to prepare this report the author employed both primary and secondary data. To begin with the report analysed the current market situation to aid a better analysis of the communications strategy employed by the companies. The data collected for this review was primarily collected from industry reports like the Keynote reports. Search string of ‘soft drink industry was entered in following database: Business source elite, Emerald and Ingenta Connect. Followed by a thorough industry analysis current communications strategy for Coca-cola, Pepsi and the Supermarket brands were analysed. The company websites and current adverts were the predominant source for this information. However, Datamonitor company profiles were employed to provide reasoning for the companys choice of the strategy. Textbooks like marketing management by Kotler and Ke ller and the others mentioned in the reference section at the end of the paper were employed to give a sound theoretical background to all the discussions made about the communications strategies. 3. Market Overview Traditionally the soft drink market has been dominated by two giants fighting it out at the top vis-à  -vis Coca-cola and Pepsi Cola. Coke has however been the market leader for a long time now. However, the proverbial ‘Cola war as it has definitely not died out. According to the Keynote Drinks market review, the UK soft drinks market was worth more than  £7.3bn in 2005 (Fenn, 2005). Moreover, soft drinks accounted for 30% of total commercial beverages consumption (Fenn, 2005). However, the carbonated soft drink category has experience overall softness the last several years (Phillips, 2006). The communications strategy adopted by the players in the industry would be affected substantially by the changes in the industry dynamics and the best way to take a look at the relevant changes would be to employ a PEST analysis. 2.1 PEST analysis 2.1.1 Political Government pressures led the US and the UK soft drink industry to ban fizzy sodas from Elementary schools. Political, guided by high profile figures line Californias governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, and public forces alike are pushing hard to extend the ban into High schools (Mercer, 2005). The Cola companies thus need a strategy to communicate a healthy image. Public health advocates and health researchers in the US and the UK have proposed a consumer paid Obesity Tax on carbonated drinks in a bid to reduce consumption and fight the global epidemic that is obesity. (Datamonitor, 2006b). This would require a even more forceful pursuit to produce an image make over into s drink that does not contribute to obesity in both the male and the female target audience. 2.1.2 Economic The 2000 US census indicated that the upper-income consumers were growing and the lower income declining rapidly, yet consistently (Ferrell and Hartline, 2005). This, in turn, lead to a trend in consumer spending and association with more luxurious things like music. 2.1.3 Social. Most of the lifestyle changes are closely related to the corresponding economic shifts. As mentioned above, on the one hand lifestyle awakenings towards healthier food and drink customs in developed countries possibly will fetter profitability, on the other hand heightened consumer spending power in developing countries like India and China have paved the way for a double digit increase in international sales of soft drinks (Fenn, 2005). 2.1.4 Technological Technology, today, is the single most imperative weapon for a firm to procure, enabling it to combat most threatening situations, ranging from reducing the cost of production to coming up with new-fangled healthier alternatives and novel strategies for communication. In a era where communication is a two way process, internet has helped the soft-drink industry in creating more awareness than ever before. 4. Analysis and Discussion On the basis of the industry situation entailed above the next few sections would analyse the current communications strategy employed by Coca-Cola, Pepsi and the Supermarket brands like Tesco Cola. 4.1 Coca cola The Coca-Cola Company (Coca-Cola) manufactures markets and distributes non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups (Datamonitor, 2006a). The syrups, concentrates and beverage bases for Coca-Cola and nearly 400 other soft-drink brands are manufactured and sold by the Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiaries in nearly 200 countries around the world. More than 60% of its products are sold outside of the US (Datamonitor, 2006a). It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The company recorded revenues of $23,104 million during the fiscal year ended December 2005, an increase of 6.3% over 2004. The companys net profit was $4,872 million in fiscal year 2005, an increase of 0.5% over 2004 (Coca-Cola annual report, 2006). The company is a clear leader in the soft-drink market, especially in the UK. The European Union segment is the largest revenue segment of the company. Moreover, Coca-Cola is the worlds leading brand. Business-Week and Inter-brand, a branding consultancy, reckoned Coca-Cola as the leading brand in their top 100 global brands ranking in 2005 (Datamonitor, 2006a). All the above has been achieved with the aid of a very carefully planned marketing communication strategy consistently over the years. To attract younger consumers to its flagship cola, Coca-Cola launched new marketing and ad campaigns in 2003. It also changed graphics on Coke bottles and adopted a traditional look for its cans. On observing Coca-colas latest adverts and promotional activities it is clear the organisations target audience continues to be the young generation. The company has a tie up with Apple computers and provides free iTunes song on every bottle cover as a promotional activity. Given the popularity of Apples iPod among the young audience a promotional collaboration with the computer giant sends a very strong message to the consumers. The new colourful campaign labelled by the company as ‘the coke side of life reinforces the youthful image of the brand. There has always been an attempt to create a fun image for the drink, which till now the company has managed to communicate extremely effectively. Besides this the company has launched the new range of Coke Zero, which is an attempt to meet the industry requirements of health conscious drinks. Although diet Coke was already present, it was predominantly communicated as a female drink. Hence to expand its target audience to include the males, Coke had to launch a new drink communicating a fresh unisex message. Another trade-mark Coca-Cola way of promoting its products has been the use of high-profile sports events to promote its brands. The company was been chosen as one of the official sponsors for the FIFA World Cup 2006 in Germany, as well as the Olympics Games 2008 in Beijing, China (Datamonitor, 2006a). The company has the opportunity to use these two high-profile events to strengthen its brands even further. Hence it is quite clear the target audience for the communication strategy is the younger generation. To provide a better a break down of the communication strategy employed by Coca-cola in terms of the communication mix is provided below. Advertising: The maximum amount of investment made by the company is in this area by employing leading personalities from sports, movies and other arenas. The advertisement costs for the company have been astronomically high and it has been highly criticised for it in the past (Datamonitor, 2006a). Sales Promotion: There are constant offers that come with a bottle or can of coke, be it free song on iTunes or a buy one get one free offer, there is always an incentive to buy. Publicity and Public relations: As mentioned earlier, Coke as a brand has been the first one to set a trend of sponsoring big occasions and creating strong opportunities for publicity. Personal selling and direct marketing: The only means of direct consumer interaction seems to be the internet which has a highly interactive and colourful website. Moreover, it has a barrage of competitions and opportunities to win a prize for its visitors thus providing another form of incentive. 4.2 Pepsi Cola PepsiCo is a leading global snack and beverage company. The company manufactures markets and sells a range of salty, convenient, sweet and grain-based snacks, carbonated and non-carbonated beverages and foods (Datamonitor, 2006b). The company operates in 200 countries besides the US and Canada (Datamonitor, 2006b). It is headquartered in Purchase, New York. The company recorded revenues of $32,562 million during the fiscal year ended December 2005, an increase of 11.3% over 2004. The net profit was $4,078 million in fiscal year 2005, a decrease of 3.2% from 2004 (Datamonitor, 2006b). It is however the second-largest manufacturer of carbonated soft-drinks in the world, second only to Coca-cola. There is not much to differentiate between Pepsi and Cokes current campaign elements. The reason and timing of the launches might be different and are discussed later on in the report. Pepsi has similar to Coke made music a part of its communication strategy by joining hands with yahoo music. Although not as attractive was the Coke campaign, the message is still louder, clearer and younger than ever before. Pepsi is sponsoring and flaunting a lot of sports personalities in its adverts as well ranging from rugby to cricket. Pepsis new message says ‘its the cola which is in synchrony with Pepsis tradition of structuring its messages to induce and assert choice over Coke. The communication mix is pretty much the same as that of Coca-cola. 4.3 The Supermarket Cola Supermarket colas include the likes of Tesco, Somerfield, Lidl etc. The primary aim of these colas is to give value for the customers money, in coherence with its main business objective. All supermarket brands have designed their communications strategy to achieve this main objective. For instance, the Tesco Cola would have price written on it in big font. Moreover, the label design and the content colour is similar to that of Pepsi and Coke to ensure that the customers are aware that they are getting the same product for a much more cheaper price. However, since this is not a very big segment of revenues for these supermarkets, specific communications based on promoting these drinks are not found. 4.4 Discussion Based on the above analysis a few crucial issues need be discussed to provide a deeper insight into the choice of the communications strategy chosen by each of the organisations. 4.4.1 Target Audience It is apparent from the above analysis that the communications strategy of all the three organisations is primarily based on identifying the target audience i.e. market segmentation. This could be a broad category based like the younger generation in case of Coke and Pepsi or a people shopping at the supermarkets in case of Tesco cola or other supermarket brands. The fundamental idea is to perform an image analysis and choose a communication strategy which would define a desired image (could be different from the present one). Moreover, this would also differ from product to product i.e. a diet coke is targeted more at the health conscious women. The current communication strategies in all three instances above seem to be hitting their target, however Coke as usual seems to be pulling out the best suited tricks with Pepsi just following suit i.e. taking music on board the communication strategy with iTunes seems to have boosted Cokes position much more while Pepsis association with yahoo music came only as an after thought. 4.4.2 Communication objective In cokes case the objective seems to be to maintain its strong brand identity and constantly renew it to keep the youthful feeling going. Since Coke is the market leader the communication objective does not have to attempt to change either the cognitive, affective or behavioural responses from its consumers. Pepsi on the other hand seems to be attempting to generate a liking among its target audience and capture Cokes share of the market. However, this does not seems to be working evident in Pepsis decreasing sales in the UK and the US (Datamonitor, 2006b). As far as the Supermarket brands are concerned Tesco colas communication objective is quite straight forward i.e. inducing preference among its customers to buy its product over the bigger brands by keeping the prices low and providing more value for money to its customers. 4.4.3 Message design The message design needs to reflect the communication object and appeal to the target audience. Cokes latest message says ‘the coke side of life, while Pepsi has been trying to woo its customers by ‘its the cola and the supermarket colas attempt to design the bottles similar to that of the bigger brands and add the word ‘value to the label. The messages from each of the three players seem to be in synchrony with their objectives, Cokes message design seems to have the right emotional selling proposition (ESP). 4.4.4 Message source The message for Pepsi and Coke are delivered by attractive and fit people predominantly from the sporting arena. This again reinforces the ‘health conscious image of the new drinks like Coke Zero. Moreover these are both male as well as female promoting zero calorie drink to expand the target audience from women to include men. However, how much the consumers trust the credibility of the people who communicate these messages to them remains to be seen. The supermarket Colas dont have to use these as their primary aim is to communicate to the consumer that it is a cheaper alternative and it is cheap because of meagre expenses in advertising. 4.4.5 Communication Channels Considering the size of the target audience the mode of communication chosen by Pepsi and Coke are justified i.e. the main channel of communication is television and internet. Adverts in papers, magazines and streets are commonly employed as well. However, the most cost intensive means is the television with each advert requiring a gargantuan amount of money. As mentioned earlier the supermarket brands cannot afford a high communication budget on solely marketing the colas especially at the price they need to sell it for. 5 Conclusion and Recommendations Taking into consideration all the points discussed above it can be concluded that the current communication strategy and mix employed by the organisations under scrutiny are a result of the changes in their external environment and are in synchrony with their apparent communication objectives. However, overall degree of influence exerted by the Pepsi communication message seems to be lower than its arch rival. While a consumer survey would be required to add credibility to the above statement the analysis and discussion do provide a useful insight into the communication strategy formulation process and the choice of the communication mix based on which few recommendations can be made. Identifying the target audience is the most crucial step towards developing an effective communication strategy. Moreover, while identifying the target audience and developing communication objectives the marketer needs to ensure that any gap between the current public perception and the image sought are covered. When deciding the marketing communication mix a cost benefit analysis of each tool needs to be done to ensure that the most effective strategy is produced within optimum budget. It is imperative to measure the marketing communication effectiveness by asking the target audience to recall the message, frequency etc in order to make any effective changes to an existing strategy.

Royal Mail Privatization

According to the Business News on ‘BBC’ which was updated on 8 October 2013, the government intended in privatizing Royal Mail as this had been planned for many years. Royal Mail employees have been given 10% of the shares as part of a stock market flotation. Business Secretary Vince Cable described it as â€Å"the biggest employee share scheme for almost 30 years†. Meanwhile, the public have been given the opportunity to apply to buy shares online until 8 October.An amount of 750 pounds will be the minimum investment for public while the minimum investment for those Royal Mail employees who wished to buy additional shares is 500 pounds. However, an additional 15% of the government’s stake will be sold if the demand for the shares is very high in what is called an ‘over-allotment’ option. â€Å"The company needs access to private capital in order to grow and compete. † said the government and Royal Mail management.Parcel delivery from in ternet shopping is far more important to Royal Mail’s business compared to the delivery of letters, which is shrinking. Furthermore, in order to try to cut public from spending and borrowing more money, the government has been reluctant to invest large sums of money at a time. Moreover, Royal Mail has also been facing competition from private operators such as ‘TNT’ and ‘UK Mail’. Post Office will not be affected in the privatization because it is now a separate company from Royal Mail.The government said that they want to invest more money in the Post Office network as they want to prevent branch closures and eventually set it up as a mutual business. In conclusion, the reason I have chose this particular topic is because Royal Mail is one the most popular and fast delivery postal service Company in the United Kingdom and I personally agree in Royal Mail being privatized as it is giving them a chance to grow and compete in business.

New Product Launch Marketing Plan Essay

Executive Summary Learning Team A has shown in the first two phases of the marketing plan that individuals exercise for a variety of reasons including obesity, addressed target markets (recreational, fitness, and professional athletes), decision motivators and buying behaviors (individual needs and health concerns), the Product Life Cycle, the four P’s, and the product mix. Within this final phase, Learning Team A will be discussing situational analysis, market growth potential and competitive analysis, segmentation, target market, and positioning, pricing and distribution, and marketing communication. Also discussed will be the financial aspect, intended market objectives for year 1, year 2 and year 3, implementation milestones, and finally, evaluation and control metrics and methodology to measure performance. Situational Analysis My Run Buddy offers a new innovation in fitness technology as the first voice commanded treadmill. Its product marketing on extraordinary combination of powerful design and features are the key factors for its product brand development and market growth in the fitness industry. Enhancing and implementing strategic marketing plan will also be essential to the success of My Run Buddy. Market Growth Potential and Competitive Analysis There are so many treadmills out on the market today, individuals try to find just the right one that will give them just the right workout for their lifestyle. With the innovative features that are installed on My Run Buddy, such as the Voice Command option, Learning Team A believes that this will escalate My Run Buddy to the top of everyone’s list of treadmills. Learning Team A estimates that with these innovative features, sales will be high and  profits will be generated. Learning Team A compared My Run Buddy with two different treadmills that are out on the market today, the LifeSpan Treadmill and the Life Fitness T5-0 Treadmill. After reviewing both of these, the one that comes closest to My Run Buddy is the Life Fitness T5-0 Treadmill. The Life Fitness T5-0 Treadmill has many of the similar features, warranties and price range; however, it does not have the Voice Command feature. The Voice Command feature is what is unique to My Run Buddy and everyone that uses this machine, whether it be at home or in a gym, will feel comfortable with the features and enjoy the easiness of programming it to their respective needs. Marketing Strategies The major strategies to market My Run Buddy are aimed toward health and fitness industries. According to Wellsource (2014), in the next five years, an increase of at least 4.2 percent within five years is projected for the demand in services and equipment for the multibillion-dollar health and wellness industry. My Run Buddy will reach out to male and female customers mostly between the ages of twenty to forty years old, which does not limit customers who are fifty years of age and above because of the growing demand to promote active health lifestyle for all ages. In addition to the market target stated, a small percentage of customers who may use My Run Buddy include professional athletes preparing for competitions such as marathons or the Olympic games. Positioning My Run Buddy focuses on its ability to become as the first voice commanded treadmill providing extraordinary combination of powerful design, comprehensive product features, and positive health and fitness results to its customers. Its major advantage compared to other existing treadmills is its capacity to offer personalized fitness workouts to ensure safe workouts based on each user’s health status, vital signs, and intensity of workout. Marketing Program Kotler and Keller (2012) mentioned that consumers often make the decision to purchase certain products based on how they perceive the price of the  product is rather than the marketer’s stated price. The automobile may cost $100,000, and if some customers perceive the particular price to be reasonable price for the automobile, they will purchase it based on their perception and not because of the fact that marketers set the price of the automobile as $100,000. Same customer may feel that $30,000 for different automobile is too expensive even though he or she felt that $100,000 for the automobile was reasonable for them because they perceive each products differently. Kotler and Keller (2012) also mentioned that customer are less sensitive to price of the product when they believe that 1) there are not too many similar products in the market that can replace the quality of the given product; 2) the high price of the product can be justified; 3) stated price of the product is just a small cost of obtaining unique product for the life time. Learning team A intends to set the price of the voice commanded treadmill to create the perception that the price of voice commanded treadmill is reasonable enough for a customer to purchase the customized treadmill that can enhance their health status for the rest of their lives. Rather than matching the price of the treadmill to another company’s lower price of the treadmill, Learning team A believes it will be beneficial for the company if the company can justify that customers are paying for superior quality of the voice commanded treadmill, and they are saving money for more value on the voice commanded treadmill by paying the stated retail price. Kotler and Keller (2012) stated that companies need to consider four different objectives when they are attempting to determine the level of effectiveness for their market logistics: 1) How should the company handle orders from customers? 2) Where should the company store their products? 3) How much products should the company store in the designated storage space? And 4) How should the company distribute the product to the customer? Learning team A believes it is best for customers to be able to order the voice commanded treadmill from the company’s internal website or the electronic commerce company, such as Amazon because customers do not always have time to visit the local retail locations to order the product. Learning team A believes the company should store voice commanded treadmill in warehouses located in west coast, east coast, and southern states and use  the fast transportation method, such as FedEx, UPS, and USPS to expedite the shipment process. Learning team A does not recommend the company to store excessive amount of voice commanded treadmill in their storage locations, but they suggest that company’s logistic professional and sales professional should work together to determine the projected amount of sales for the given period and attempt to clear out the amount of inventory if they become too excessive by promoting clearance sales events. Marketing Communication Plan Multiple methods of advertising and promotion for My Run Buddy will be used as part of marketing plan for reaching out to its target market. Kiosks will be installed in stores and retailers selling the product, where its shoppers will experience free product demonstration. Discount coupons, extended warranty, free product delivery, or free trial offers are also few promotions to be considered for customers. Other than kiosks in stores, My Run Buddy can also be offered for free trial or deals to different fitness locations such as LA Fitness or Gold’s Gym. Furthermore, advertising through multiple media such as print, online, television will be utilized to spread information about the product. Financial Information Our cost structure allow us to pass some savings and still have a solid 200% contribution margin which means that even if we start with low profit, we can sustain the operation enough to see the product establish in the market. Our Policy is to have certain allowances and discounts for wholesalers tie to our AR so our Promotional Pricing follow the following: Total Cost (Including Labor, Overhead, and Transportation) per unit: $2,000 US Direct Cost (Parts, electronic components, etc†¦) per unit: $1,250 US Contribution Margin Goal (Floor Price): $2,500 Sensitivity on Total Profit without marketing expense: Price 1: $3,600 (80% Profit) p unit Price 2: $3,200 (60% Profit) p unit. We will sell the Unit to the Wholesale at $3,600 with a contractual allowance to renew each year of 5% prompt pay discount (less than 30 days), and an additional volume (more than 10 Units per month) discount of 7% of  the marked price. This will allow the wholesaler the possibility to pay only $3,181 per unit if they pay on time and order 10 units per month. A savings of $419 per unit or 11.64% discount. Our closest competition based on the specs (4.0 Motor, Absorption pad, Monitor, etc.. but without the voice activation is the Life Fitness Club Series Treadmill (http://www.treadmilltalk.com/treadmill-comparison-chart-5.html) with an average price in the US of $5,500. Financial Objectives To start sales with a minimum of 60% Profit To increase sales by 2% in Year 2, and another 5% Year 3 To keep plan under budget Break Even Analysis Cost to produce a treadmill unit (Direct Cost): $1,250 Fixed Cost (Annual Overhead): $9,000 ($750*12) If selling for $3,200, then we need to sell 5 Units to break even! ($9,000/ ($3,200- $1,250)) If selling for $3,600, then we need to sell 4 Units to break even! ($9,000/ ($3,600- $1,250)) If selling for $3,181, then we need to sell 5 Units to break even! ($9,000/ ($3,181- $1,250)) Marketing Expenses We are estimating a marketing expense (promotion, training, etc†¦) of $500 on Year 1, $400 Year 2, and $280 on Year 3 Per Unit; these figures are considered in the budget. Forecasting Demand We are estimating a total of 200 Units sales on year one with an increase of 2% in Year 2, and another 5% Year 3. We will keep the price the same for the first 3 years; therefore we expect the following each year: Year1: $636,200 in revenue with a 64.7% Profit Year2: $648,924 in revenue with a 64.7% Profit Year3: $681,370 in revenue with a 64.7% Profit Marketing Objectives Year 1: Establish the Product in the industry: To be one of the top 5 brands in the fitness equipment industry among the wholesalers and the consumers. Year 2: Increase Sales on a steady pace: To increase the number of wholesalers purchasing our product by 7%. Year 3: Brand Management: To ensure consistency between our brand licensing strategy and the overall business goal† and to focus on maximizing leverage of the brand. Implementation Milestones Milestones during this project will be the main guides to product progression and success. In order to determine whether the product development and launch is on track our team has decided to set in place milestone or timeline marks to stay on track. Our product will have 4 major milestones with different sub sectioned goals. The first milestone will be identifying customer needs and within this major category we have to accomplish the following goals; business problems, customer requirements, business opportunity, target application and technology requirements/abilities. The second milestone will be to accomplish understanding of the market opportunity. Within this we plan to accomplish industry trends, market size and growth, target market and finally market channels. The third milestone will be entering the market. Within this second major milestone we will accomplish product positioning, competitive strategies, pricing, marketing plan, sales strategy, sales tools and customer support. The third milestone will be a continuous process during the length of the product. The final milestone is generating revenue and the goals accomplished will be establishing partners, channels and leads. The last milestone will also be a continuous process for the length of the product. Milestones may be introduced and revamped depending on the shift of the product lifecycle. Since our team is aiming for continuous growth and success, we are aware that milestones need to be in place and also re introduced so that a cycle does not fail and we continue to succeed. Evaluation of Metrics and Methodology Elrod, Susan Murray, and Bande (2013) mentioned that there are four different categories of performance measures supply chain companies consider when attempting to determine the level of effectiveness for their supply chain management system: financial cost, quality, time, and flexibility. The cost to produce the product, the cost to distribute the product to the customer, and the cost to store the product in warehouse are some of the key  factors affecting the financial cost category of the supply chain management performance metrics (Elrod et al, 2013). Customer’s perceived value of the product, level of accuracy of the product, and the ability for a company to distribute the product safely to the customer without any damage fall under the quality category under the performance metrics for supply chain management (Elrod et al, 2013). Learning team A intends to incorporate similar set of performance metrics by evaluating production cost and inventory cost against the amount of revenue the voice commanded treadmill generated for given period of time to determine if the cost of product is exceeded by the revenue the product generates. Learning team A will also evaluate how fast the company can distribute the voice commanded treadmill to its customers without damaging the product and how well the voice treadmill can perform according to the specific features on the product to obtain customer loyalty. Contingency Planning According to Mindtools.com (2014), â€Å"The need for contingency planning emerges from a thorough analysis of the risks that your organization faces. It is also useful in thinking about new and ongoing projects: what happens when ‘Plan A’ does not go as expected?†. Contingency planning is highly important to our team and will be the foundation we follow for risk assessment and planning. We will minimize error and failure by expecting the worse. What if the consumers do not want to buy our product, what if it doesn’t sell as much as we thought it would. By preparing for the worse we will be setting up for successful future. Our contingency plan will be to continuously conduct risk assessment regardless of how well our product is doing. Communicating issues and good ideas will be a constant goal within the product team and shareholders involved. If at whatever point we need to retrain or train personnel our team is equipped with the information to do so. We will keep documentation of successes and failures no matter how big or small. Finally we will evaluate performance and implement goals so that we are able to assess how well the product is doing. Conclusion In conclusion, Learning Team A has shown, within their marketing plan, that the Voice Command treadmill is a unique product that will generate large profits for the proper company in today’s society. Learning Team A has  also shown how this type of treadmill is more advanced than those on the market with the addition of the Voice Command feature and how it will be accepted in the long term by consumers looking for the proper workout equipment to maintain their health. With this new feature, Learning Team A feels that consumers will be drawn to My Run Buddy for their health needs as the innovative features lets them feel more comfortable working out and they don’t have to worry about calling anyone if there is a medical condition that arises, all they would have to do is tell the machine to contact the hospital. References Elrod, C., Susan Murray, P. E., & Bande, S. (2013). A Review of Performance Metrics for Supply Chain Management. Engineering Management Journal, 25(3), 39-50. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing management (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Wellsource. (2014). Market trends project more growth for wellness industry. Retrieved from http://www.wellsource.com/company-news/Market-Trends-Project-More-Growth-for-Wellness-Industry.html Mindtools. (2014). Contingency Planning. Retrieved from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_51.htm