Rousseau s The Social Contract - 1588 Words

The following texts, Rousseau s The Social Contract, Marx’s Private Property and Communism, Estranged Labor and Money, all differentiate between a general will, and a more personal, individual will. However, Rousseau’s and Marx’s theories of a general will, or collective being have discrepancies in both the origin and implications of general will and individual will. Rousseau defines general will as a collective desire to advance society towards a common goal. However, Rousseau warns that ignoring the general will and pursuing one’s own selfish personal will is dangerous not only for an individual, but can also ultimately lead to the destruction of the body politic. Marx also discusses a concept similar to Rousseau’s general will, however†¦show more content†¦Additionally, Rousseau believes that self-interests are often detrimental to the common good, stating that â€Å"each individual, as a man, may have a particular will contrary or diss imilar to the general will which he has as a citizen. His particular interest may speak to him quite differently from the common interest: his absolute and naturally independent existence may make him look upon what he owes to the common cause as a gratuitous contribution... The continuance of such an injustice could not but prove the undoing of the body politic. (Rousseau, 194-195). It is evident that Rousseau is aware of humankind’s selfish desires stemming from a personal will, and he believes that if individuals begin to ignore the common will and instead act upon their personal desires and will, that it will often lead to pandemonium. This chaos is likely to destroy any Republic, as conflicting and selfish ideals will cause individuals to lose sight of the general will, leading to the collapse of a coexisting society. Rousseau, however, does not address how individual will originates, a point that Marx discusses in length in his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts. The epitome of the detrimental effects caused by one acting purely on personal will can be seen in the film, American Beauty. In this film, Lester Burnham can be seen acting upon his personal will and ignoring the collective good in hisShow MoreRelatedThe Rousseau s Thesis And Social Contract1548 Words   |  7 PagesTo better understand Rousseau’s thesis and social contract he proposed, we must first understand why Rousseau felt compelled to write and his main criticism of society during the 18th century. In sum, Rousseau argued that states (specifically France, though never explicitly stated) have not protected man’s right to freedom or equality. Rousseau began The Social Contract in dramatic fashion. He wrote, â€Å"man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains† (1). This quote is still used today, and isRead MoreAn Analysis Of Rousseau s On The Social Contract 898 Words   |  4 PagesFinding Meaning in Rousseau In â€Å"On the Social Contract,† Jean-Jacques Rousseau famously declares, â€Å"Man was/is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.† In this essay, I will attempt to explain this famous quote of Rousseau’s. Moreover, through a careful exposition of â€Å"On the Social Contract,† I intend to explain Rousseau’s proposed solution to the conundrum of freedom in society. The preliminary investigation into Rousseau originates with an account of his assertion that, â€Å"Man was/is bornRead MoreJean Jacque Rousseau s Theory Of A Social Contract881 Words   |  4 Pages Jean Jacque Rousseau was one of the most controversial philosophers from 1712-1778. The first to speak explicitly of human rights. He was a Swiss philosopher who was influenced by the French revolution. He believed that people basically everyone is good but it s society that corrupts them to do wrong. Each philosopher had their own ideal world, and his was to have people make laws and obey them. However, Rousseau has a different opinion on the theory of a social contract but also did help developRead MoreLocke And Rousseau s Theory Of A Social Contract1206 Words   |  5 PagesJacques Rousseau are often associated with modern liberal ideas such as equality for all citizens, freedom and liberty, etc†¦ However, Locke and Rousseau present far more nuanced arguments in their works a nd although they share views on some aspects they ultimately have a different political philosophy. Locke and Rousseau have clearly distinct social contract theories, interpretations of man and the state of nature. In his work, Discourse on Inequality, establishes the idea of a fraudulent social contractRead MoreMontesquieu s Spirit Of Laws And Jean Jacques Rousseau s On The Social Contract1620 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment or the people who permit the government to exist? This is the main point of contention between Baron de Montesquieu s Spirit of Laws and Jean-Jacques Rousseau s On the Social Contract. Interestingly, their interpretation of different forms of government converge on the sovereignty of a democracy, but that is where most of their common ground lies. While Rousseau shares similarities on the sovereign authority of a democracy with Montesquieu, he departs by arguing how regardless of governmentRead MoreThe Social Contract ( P153-224 ) Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pa gesThe normative social contract, which is the second part of Rousseau s social contract in The Social Contract (p153-224), is meant to act as a response to the problem to which the social contract is supposed to be the viable solution. According to him the ill-favoured state of circumstances that exist in the contemporary societies are laid out in his account of the moral and political progression of human beings from the peaceful and utopian time of the state of nature where there was equality amongstRead MoreJacques And The Social Contract Theory1287 Words   |  6 Pagesliberties. (Rousseau lecture1) Moreover Rousseau paid great attention to nature and human feelings. He claimed that humans are naturally independent and held a belief that ‘’man is born free and everywhere he is in chains’’ (Rousseau, 2012, pg. 12 ) arguing that people in the state of nature were fundamentally good and pure but became corrupt and evil through the institution of civili sed society (lecture). On the contrary, Rousseau remains to be a huge supporter of the social contract theory, whichRead MoreRousseau, Mill, And Constant Articulated By Unpacking Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinctively different. Rousseau, Mill, and Constant exhibit a very different view of the modernizing society. This paper seeks to point out the distinct visions of liberty that Rousseau, Mill, and Constant articulated by unpacking the central premises of each argument, pitting them against each other through comparing and contrasting. Rousseau’s Vision of Liberty Although, Rousseau distinguishes two specific types of liberty, natural liberty and civil liberty. Rousseau states, that naturalRead MoreRousseau, Mill, And Constant Articulated By Unpacking Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinctively different. Rousseau, Mill, and Constant exhibit a very different view of the modernizing society. This paper seeks to flash out the distinct visions of liberty that Rousseau, Mill, and Constant articulated by unpacking the central premises of each argument, pitting them against each other through comparing and contrasting. Although, Rousseau distinguishes two specific types of liberty, natural liberty and civil liberty. Natural liberty, Rousseau states, is the freedomRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau And The Declaration Of Independence Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau was an Enlightenment thinker during the eighteenth century and is most noted for his work The Social Contract. The Social Contract published in 1762 and is a philosophical document that expresses the ideas of popular sovereignty. Popular Sovereignty is a form of government in which â€Å"the doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern, as trustees of such power, must exercise it in conformity with the general will.† This is basically a fancy

Taking Red Bull to Russia Case Study Example

Essays on Taking Red Bull to Russia Case Study The paper "Taking Red Bull to Russia" is a great example of a case study on marketing.PurposeThe purpose of this stud is to asses the most suitable market for Red Bull. The study will look into the Russian macroeconomic situation to establish whether it is a lucrative market for Red Bull. Red bull is a leading energy drink in the world. Since it was launched in 1984, it has grown to become a favorite energy drink in the world. In 2006, more than 3 billion cans of Red Bull were consumed in the world which shows how the brand has grown to a household name. Through a wacky marketing plan, Red Bull has become a leading brand in 136 countries where it is currently sold. In this marketing strategy, we formulate how Red Bull can be taken to the Russian market. Russia is one of the most expansive countries that occupy both Europe and Asia (BBC). Russia is an emerging market that presents unique marketing opportunities Russia is ranked as one of the countries in the world with a heavy drinkin g habit which means it can also be a good market for the drink.LimitationsThe report will be limited by the availability of credible information on Russia. Since most materials are written in the Russian language, the study will have to rely on analysis done by external authors who print their material in English.Scope of the ReportThe report will concentrate on the internal market condition in Russia. It will review the macroeconomic condition of the country and asses whether it provides the best investment environment for Red Bull.BackgroundRed Bull has a long history that spans back to 1982 when the founder was sitting in a bar in Hong Kong sipping an energy drink. The founder, Dietrich Mteschitz was inspired to come up with a similar drink and market it outside Asia. He did not sleep on his idea and in 1984, he founded Red Bull. He fined tuned the energy drink and also laid down a comprehensive and wacky marketing concept.He first launched the drink in Austria market in 1987. Th e founder identified a marketing opportunity for the product in Australia. Today, the headquarters of the company still remains in Fuchsia am See, in Austria. After four years in the local market, Red Bull was expanded to foreign market touching on Hungary soil in 1992.Red Bull has become a common energy drink in all countries. Its consumption has gone extra higher. When the product was launched, a total of 1.1 million cans of the Red Bull were consumed in the world. In 2006, more than three billion cans of Red Bull were consumed in the whole. This shows that the drink has become a favorite in the world. Currently, Red Bull is marketed in more than 136 countries.In addition, the company has been expanding its portfolio of energy drinks. In 2005, it launched Sabai, an energy drink that was first launched in the United Kingdom, and today, it is sold in more than 17 countries. The company has also launched Carpe Diem, which is a range of energy drinks that mainly targets health-conscio us consumers.

Australian Copyright Law

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Copyright Law. Answer: Introduction Copying of another person`s work cannot be justified or defended by any term of defence (Song-Turner 2009). Content and concepts for any work becomes owned immediately it is produced. The discretion to copying and reuse of such material is in this case placed on the owned. In the event that an individual makes a claim to someones work or makes use of it without proper acknowledgement then that amounts to plagiarism. Plagiarism creates a negative impact on an individual`s level of creativity and invention. Plagiarism may be intentional or unintentional but the effect goes a long way. Giving credit when a part of work or the whole of it is used ensures that the hard work and the effort invested by an individual in developing the piece of work is respected and recognized. In other instances, plagiarism may be considered a patent breach which can lead to prosecution in line with copyright laws. This can lead to legal procedures or potential fines and charges. This paper gives a detailed account on why it is not appropriate to make use of an individuals work or make use of it without making a proper acknowledgement. It also discusses on the needs to have proper acknowledgement of authors for sources used while developing a paper. According to the Australian law, such acts amounts to copyright infringement. Such use is considered misconduct and carries punishable terms in the laws of Australia. It is understandable that an individual may unknowingly do such an act due to poor understanding or in some case because of being misinformed and not knowing how exactly to acknowledge the sources used. Plagiarism as an act has a very negative domino effect on both individuals and the society in general. Plagiarism amounts to theft which is a negative vice and a wrongful act in any society (S?trba, 2012). It is highly unethical to use someone`s work without consent. It is not a victimless act when unethically using an individual`s work as the values and pride of ownership is taken away from the authors through such acts. It belittles their efforts casting valuelessness in their hard work and commitment while producing the work. Plagiarism also tarnishes academic integrity casting a shadow on the need for education as it implies dishonesty and lack of respect on knowledge development and impact. The owner of a concept, idea of a writing is the only person legal entitled to complete free use of such documents. In any instance a content or idea has been produced, it is only the owner that has the rights to reuse it or reproduce it in any manner. Any other person can only, through the consent of the originator, make a publication of it as a whole or a part of it. The author of such writings can make oral reporting or a combination of drafts and any other material used in the development as an evidence in a legal proceeding (Lang, 2016). Unknowingly accepting a plagiarised work leads to misplaced recognition of work. Plagiarised work denies the original author the deserved recognition for his or her writing. Development process of original work is always excruciating involving a lot of literature, research work and consultation. It is disheartening to give credit to an individual who has simply lifted an already processed work when the originator may have not received much recognition. In a learning environment, this discourages commitment to research work while on the other hand favouring dishonesty (Fitzgerald Gilchrist, 2015). Plagiarism causes degeneration in learning environments. A plagiarised work limits the learning process of a student or that particular individual. Due to plagiarism, students miss he opportunity of skill development. The learning process is also obscured because no effort has been placed in the concept development and research work. Students have the necessity of skill development including personal knowledge acquisition. Plagiarism breaks the trust instructors have on their students as the practice amounts to fraudulent deception. Plagiarism prevents personal growth on a learner (Alexander Go?mez-Arostegui, 2016). Submitting a plagiarized work on a task given to assess understanding of a concept prevents a tutor from identifying the weak areas of a student. Assumptions made that the concept is well understood can have a dire consequence latter on in life or in the learning process when they are needed. It leads to culturing of students who are weak in the professional and educatio nal fields while having great accreditations. At high volumes, plagiarism dilutes the academic outcomes in learning institutions. Students get lazy in carrying out learning tasks including material use, writing notes and withdrawal during classes and learning points. This leads to undesirable practices in learning environments (Eechoud Kluwer Law International, 2009). Submission of plagiarised materials blurs assessment and the learning process as a whole. While doing markings and assessments, the tutors end up awarding the students wrong ratings due to plagiarised work. This means that an individual gets credit for content developed by a different person. The students get accredited for skills they may be having very little knowledge and understanding on. When certifying, it is not right that the students who have invested time and effort in to developing an original work are issued the same accreditation as another who has simply copied materials from another source. Lifting and claiming ownership violates a persons investment in both time and effort. A plagiarizer gaining more on recognition as compared to an original developer weakens the concept of creativity and innovation in learning environment (Cantatore, 2014). In a working environment, plagiarism indicates dishonesty as an employee. Involvement in plagiarism is an indication of a dishonest individual and a reflection on behaviour. In the event an individual who plagiarizes is employed in a data sensitive field then such habits ca lead to misdiagnosis and misappropriation due to skewed information. The individual may also be lacking essential practical skills which may have a negative impact while carrying the roles responsible for. Technological innovations and societal factors are constantly modelling and influencing individuals in to copy and paste as a short cut to achieving tasks. Pressure from supervisors at the places of work in addition to pressure from competitors may influence an individual in to engaging in such activities to shorten the delivery time for the tasks assigned. Plagiarism sets a bad example to juniors in any environment (Strowel, 2009). It drives a negative of wrong being right. It kills critical thinking as individ uals see success to be easily achieved through taking credit on another peoples works. Benefits gained from plagiarism can only be short lived. The test or task may be passed at the moment but later on in life, such habits causes a limitation to the ability of an individual in applying creative abilities in a present situation which demands for the specific skills which should have been developed already. When stealing ideas from another person, the gains acquired are normally limited as compared to the restrictions impacted on creativity and originality (Atkinson, 2007). In conclusion, as documented in the paper, it is clear that use of a person`s work or claiming ownership is very bad and is classified as cheating or stealing of ideas. It is not acceptable because it creates discomfort and disheartening to the original authors due to the lack of recognition for their work. The act indicates lack of respect for the original authors while depicting the perpetuator as an insensitive, rude and disrespectful. It eliminates creativity and originality creating unfair recognition and misplaced crediting of unqualified individuals at the expense of the qualified and hardworking ones. The taking advantage of others is highly discouraged among learners and professionals in their fields. References Atkinson, B. (2007).The true history of copyright: The Australian experience 1905-2005. Sydney: Sydney University Press. Alexander, I., Go?mez-Arostegui, H. T. (2016).Research handbook on the history of copyright law. Cantatore, F. (2014).Authors, copyright, and publishing in the digital era. Hershey PA : Information Science Reference, 2014. Eechoud, M. M. M., Kluwer Law International (Firm). (2009).Harmonizing European copyright law: The challenges of better lawmaking. Austin [Tex.: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Fitzgerald, B. F., Gilchrist, J. (2015).Copyright perspectives: Past, present and prospect. Cham : Springer, 2015. Lang, M. (2016).Tax Treaty case law around the globe 2015. Amsterdam: IBFD. Strowel, A. (2009).Peer-to-peer file sharing and secondary liability in copyright law. Cheltenham,UK: Edward Elgar. S?trba, S. I. (2012).International copyright law and access to education in developing countries: Exploring multilateral legal and quasi-legal solutions. Leiden: M. Nijhoff Pub.

Kenny Chesney When the Sun Goes Down free essay sample

As Kenny Chesneys I Go Back plays through your speakers the memories of times of the past cant help but begin to run through your head and your taken back to â€Å"another place and time†. Theres something about the innocence, or what some call recklessness of growing up that many argue you cant get back, but for four short minutes Chesneys I Go back offers you an opportunity to cling to the dreams, wishes, changes, wildness and stories that defined your youth. As a song writer Chesney does a brilliant job sticking to what he knows and finding the simplicity in the chaotic world we live in. In I Go Back the relatable lyrics Chesney belts out offers a unique opportunity for the audience to feel connected with the artist and the stories he shares through his music. Kennys voice does not sound scripted, but instead easy flowing and smooth like that of a story teller; which only enhances the connection between artist and audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Kenny Chesney When the Sun Goes Down or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chesneys voice speaks from the heart and you can feel his desire for his listeners to take the time to think back to the simpler days of life and to the memories that go along with it. Weather it be dreaming big (â€Å"Jack and Diane† painted a picture of my life and my dreams†) falling in love for the first time, graduating and moving on, or the loss of someone close (â€Å"to the loss of a real good friend and the sixteen summers I shared with him†) theres something about growing up that everyone can relate to and this is what truly makes I Go Back so enjoyable to such a vast audience. Although the lyrics of I Go Back are simple and have a down home small town feel to them, the actual music of the song is far from your grandparents classic lullaby country song. The music fits wonderfully with Chesneys attention grabbing, slightly twang, and partially rock and roll voice. While staying true to its roots with its lyrics it has a nice country style acoustic guitar leading the way but is backed by powerful electric guitars and drums which bring out the rock in the song and immediately captures the listeners attention. The music makes the song the perfect hybrid between rock and country. With each piece of music and lyric intertwined its as if Chesney and his band did not have to force anything, but instead let the lyrics and music play off each other to create a flawless chart toping hit. Kenny Chesney doesnt try to be anything he isnt in I Go Back and this in turn brings out everything that he truly is a lover of music, life and making memories. Chesneys ability to â€Å"take us back to another place and time† with such simplicity is what truly makes this song one of the greats.